National Land Parcel Data A Vision for the Future (2007) / Chapter Skim
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4 Current Status
4 Current Status
Pages 57-88
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From page 57... ...
Some of these programs address parcel data for federal lands; others are related to national parcel data. This section looks at the current status of federal parcel data programs in terms of overall coordination and standards, parcel data production by various land management agencies, other federal programs that are using or collecting parcel data, and the framework for access to parcel data.
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From page 58... ...
This resulted in a business plan template that describes how to go about setting up a parcel data development program including a framework for inventorying the current status and needs of all cadastral producers in a state. For example, Arkansas has developed the State of Arkansas Cadastral Spatial Data Infrastructure Business Plan, which is based on the FGDC Cadastral Data Core Content Standard (Arkansas Assessment Coordination Department and Arkansas Geographic Information Office, 2006, p.
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From page 59... ...
4.1.2 Federal Lands Parcel Data From an operational point of view the most visible federal government parcel data activity is the National Integrated Land System (NILS)
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From page 60... ...
A preliminary inspection by the FGDC Subcommittee for Cadastral Data determined that the larger land management agencies have programs to develop land parcel data in cooperation with the BLM Cadastral Survey Program. The status of agencies with smaller land management responsibilities is unknown.
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From page 61... ...
In effect, this program is building a GIS layer of subdivisions of land parcels. The Common Land Unit Program was established to support the Agricultural Risk Act of 2000.
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From page 62... ...
The RAVAR program is part of a larger initiative spearheaded by the FGDC Subcommittee for Cadastral Data Wildland Fire Project Team. The team has attempted to contact each county in 13 western states to determine the availability of digital parcel data.
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For example, the use of the FGDC framework translates directly to the use of the Cadastral Data Content Standard. The proposed URISA Address Standard was developed by URISA, the National Emergency Numbers Association, and the U.S.
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4 Soon to be added to the GDM is the DHS National Asset Data Base content. It represents the planned data content to meet the base layer and mission layer geospatial needs of DHS and will be required at DHS for exchange of geospatial data.
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From page 65... ...
In effect, this will enable local agencies to use land parcels as a common basis for damage inspection, Small Business Administration loans, Federal Emergency Management Agency grants, state Community Development Block Grant disaster grants and loans, and city building permit and progress data (Jon Sperling, e-mail to D Cowen, February 26, 2007)
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From page 66... ...
program.6 The LUCA program, also known as the Address List Review program, is a partnership program that allows the Census Bureau to benefit from local knowledge in developing its Master Address File (MAF)
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While the LUCA program allows the Census Bureau to benefit from local review, local governments that provide the feedback do not receive comparable benefits. The restrictions on use of the MAF mean that new addresses included in the MAF cannot be incorporated into local databases.
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From page 68... ...
to enhance government efficiency and to improve citizen services."10 This portal provides access to metadata records and links to various kinds of geospatial data. The Geospatial One-Stop initiative is a tangible example of the federal government's desire to move beyond providing national map products to the next level of technology support that would assist users in discovering and utilizing diverse geospatial data that are actually collected and maintained by all levels of government as well as the private sector.
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From page 69... ...
However, a detailed analysis of the situation suggests just the opposite. The FGDC has designated BLM to be the steward for federal land parcel data and the coordinator of cadastral data, and the FGDC Subcommittee for Cadastral Data, which the BLM sponsors, has made significant progress in terms of standards and coordination.
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At best, an antiquated version of digital parcel data exists for some tribes and is currently held by the BIA Geographic Data Service Center (GDSC)
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From page 71... ...
Example of Successful Land Records System at the Coeur d'Alene Tribe An example of successful parcel creation program exists on the Coeur d'Alene Tribe Reservation in Idaho. The Coeur d'Alene Tribe's Reservation is approximately 343,208 acres in size, with trust land covering approximately one-third of the reservation.
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From page 72... ...
Unfortunately, there are many more reservations that have not been successful at creating parcel data. The unique nature of land ownership on Indian lands and the substantial acreage involved highlight the need for the special attention that would be required to make any national system of land parcel data successful.
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From page 73... ...
While state government can play an important role in the initial creation of parcel data, experience demonstrates that even small counties can gain considerable benefits from maintaining and using their own parcel data. In fact, in many rural counties the parcel data can be integrated with USDA's common land units to monitor agricultural activities.
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From page 74... ...
In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of a statewide approach to parcel coordination, Montana has been a test bed for integrating the Bureau of Land Management GCDB with the Census Bureau's TIGER modernization plans State of NC OneMap This system serves as an excellent example of how a North state government can act as an intermediary between http://gisdata.usgs.net/website/ Carolina local providers and the user community. While NC_oneMap/viewer.asp each participating data provider stores and controls the release of its own parcel data, it can enlist the resources of the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis to distribute the data.
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From page 75... ...
Oakland County has worked with the FGDC Subcommittee for Cadastral Data to develop and test a contemporary parcel data model. It also developed a series of popular value-added services that provide revenue to support its program Wake iMaps Raleigh and Wake County North Carolina have County established a coordinated approach to GIS that enables http://imaps.co.wake.nc.us/imaps/ and City them to share the cost of data, training, and joint of Raleigh, application development activities.
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From page 76... ...
c=cibda hub of data and mapping servers and provides GIS services to city agencies and the public at large NOTES: CAMA = Computer Assisted Mass Appraisal System; GCDB = Geographic Coordinate Data Base; DALIS = Delaware Appraisal Land Information System; MPROP = Milwaukee Master Property File. 4.4 PRIVATE SECTOR PARCEL DATA SYSTEMS There are a number of firms in the private sector that are actively creating parcel data sets.
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This point was emphasized by the private sector representatives at the Land Parcel Summit held as part of this study. Next, the committee believes that it is important to have a parcel data system operate within the controls of public sector accountability.
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NAtIoNAL LAND PARCEL DAtA BOX 4.2 Statements from Private Industry Companies Developing Parcel Data Sets "PxPoint provides you with these unique geocoding capabilities: Geocode to a layer of any feature type -- point, lines, or polygons. Geocode to parcel boundaries for the most accurate geocoding available in the U.S." SOURCE: http://www.proxix.com/products/products_geocoding.htm [accessed May 16, 2007]
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4.5 INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT To provide context for the current status of parcel data in the United States, the international status was also assessed. One of the important organizations that monitors the status of national parcel data programs and promotes their modernization has been the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG)
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285) : In terms of the completeness and usefulness of spatial cadastral data within countries, only 10 countries (Belgium, Brunei, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, South Korea, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland)
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Used with permission. FIGURE 4.8 The relation of land information to sustainable development.
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4.9 The OS ADDRESS-POINT is a dataset that uniquely defines and locates residential, busi ness and public postal addresses in Great Britain. It is created by matching information from Ordnance Survey digital map databases with more than 26 million addresses recorded in the Royal Mail® Postcode Address File (PAF®)
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From page 83... ...
17 PSMA's portfolio of themed spatial data sets includes CadLite, Australia's 10.5 million land parcels including suburb names as well as property boundaries. (See Figure 4.10 for a PSMA map of parcels.)
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It should be noted that the Australian Census Bureau funded (and continues to provide some funding for) the first national land parcel file.
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federal policy regarding the dissemination of geospatial data under OMB Circular A-130. Canada Canadian federal and provincial government organizations have a long history of building and maintaining digital topographic mapping data sets, road network files, and property mapping databases in support of their own respective mandates and obligations.
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From page 86... ...
While communication exists through strong professional networks and informal relationships, there is no requirement at this time for regular operational contact between the land administration organizations in different provinces. The Canadian government is also studying the feasibility of creating a comprehensive nationwide cadastral database or a national approach to land parcel data.
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From page 87... ...
and the World Bank to fund parcel data programs in other nations. The full extent of USAID involvement in funding land parcel and cadastre programs is difficult to measure; however a recent study provides an interesting overview of programs in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Near East, Eastern Europe and Eurasia, and Latin America and the Caribbean (Bloch et al., 2003)
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From page 88... ...
In the absence of a system to access land parcel data across the nation, various federal agencies are collecting land parcel data to meet specific mission needs. The number of counties yet to develop digital parcel databases combined with large tracts of public lands and Indian territories that also do not have digital parcel data means there is no accurate digital representation of the parcel boundaries of the majority of land area of the United States.
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