National Land Parcel Data A Vision for the Future (2007) / Chapter Skim
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5 Challenges
5 Challenges
Pages 89-112
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From page 89... ...
Technology available today allows us to approach the development of land parcel data in ways that were inconceivable in 1980 or even a few years ago. Standard geographic information system (GIS)
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From page 90... ...
The current ownership status is used in permitting, emergency response, land use planning, real estate taxation, and many other local government functions. The number of people and the resources required to keep a parcel data set current vary with the number of new transactions, whether maps and documents are submitted digitally, and the level of automation of the transactions affecting new parcel creation.
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From page 91... ...
It is technically possible to create a system where the data at a national level exactly match the data available locally, but the cost and administrative burden must be balanced against the need for real-time currency. 5.1.3 Quality of Data in Existing Digital Parcel Maps Incomplete, out-of-date, and inaccurate data often exist in digital parcel maps.
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From page 92... ...
According to the county, a lack of control points on the original Mylar-based parcel records caused the shift when they were converted to vector parcel boundaries. SOURCE: Compiled by First American Flood Data Services using data from King County Washington Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Geographic Information Systems Center (parcel boundaries)
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From page 93... ...
Since the development of nationally integrated land parcel data would involve reconciling parcel boundaries among different land managers, this will undoubtedly expose and ultimately force the resolution of issues with jurisdictional boundaries. Much as with administrative boundaries, for full reconciliation and exact edge matching between areas with different maintenance agencies, a stewardship boundary needs to be agreed upon.
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From page 94... ...
in Texas, showing overlap in the parcel maps. SOURCE: Map created by First American Flood Data Services using data from Capitol Area Council of Governments (http://www.capcog.org)
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From page 95... ...
An accurate site address is a key attribute of any set of digital parcel data and a critical part of any emergency 911 or package delivery system. In the case of a standard residential parcel containing one single-family home, the definition is straightforward.
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5.1.8 Poor Utilization of Consistent Standards for Data Quality Although the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Subcommittee for Cadastral Data has developed and adopted a standard for land parcel data, it is not widely used.
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5.2 FINANCIAL CHALLENGES Developing a funding model for nationally integrated land parcel data must take into consideration three different elements: (1) the cost to convert all parcel data that has not yet been digitized to digital format; (2)
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From page 98... ...
The FGDC subcommittee estimates that there are about 152 million parcels that cover the United States: 8 million of these represent public lands and the remaining 144 million cover private land ownership. The subcommittee assumes that all public land parcels should be converted into a digital format as part of the stewardship responsibilities of the local, state, or federal agency that controls the property.
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From page 99... ...
This situation makes for a low risk, high return opportunity for federal, non-profit and private funding investments to accelerate and complete cadastral data throughout Arkansas. Perhaps more importantly, it must be emphasized that the committee views the establishment of parcel programs by a local government to be at least revenue neutral.
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From page 100... ...
Ideally, all stakeholders would contribute to the program. A representative from Zillow told the committee at the Land Parcel Data Summit that it encounters major problems with acquiring consistent data from local governments at a consistent price.
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From page 101... ...
Even though under OMB Circular A-130 the majority of federal government geospatial data are considered to be in the public domain there are several important exceptions, such as the Census Bureau's Master Address File (MAF)
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From page 102... ...
For example, communities with good parcel production programs could provide the Census Bureau with a highly accurate and current set of street addresses and associated coordinate points. In many areas, addresses are assigned to parcels or to structures as part of a synchronized work flow.
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the committee appreciates the bureau's need to comply with the directives of Congress and the Supreme Court it believes that the address points are actually just an enhancement to the TIGER line file based address system. It is important to note that since the 1970 decennial Census the Census Bureau has always distributed GIS files with street names and address ranges that facilitate automated address matching.
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From page 104... ...
At one end of the spectrum, a local government may establish very strict licensing agreements that control access to data assets and restrict the use and redistribution of the data. These arrangements are often related to the generation of revenue but can also exist to promote participation in consortia.
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From page 105... ...
These most often limit subsequent data distribution, but they do open the door for the use of parcel data in these specific situations. However, as seen from the discussion above, licensing and restrictions on distribution of parcel data constitute an issue that must be addressed in order to develop national land parcel data.
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From page 106... ...
. 5.4 ORGANIZATIONAL CHALLENGES There are a set of issues regarding how a national land parcel program would be managed and coordinated.
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From page 107... ...
, has been introduced. This bill would "require the Secretary of the Interior to develop a multipurpose cadastre of Federal real property to assist with Federal land management, resource conservation, and development of Federal real property, including identification of any such property that is no longer required to be owned by the Federal Government, and for other purposes." 5.4.2 State Coordination Only 12 states administer digital parcel programs through a centralized state system.
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From page 108... ...
A digital divide clearly exists with respect to the management of land parcel data. The lack of current GIS, database, and network support is particularly acute in rural areas.
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They view this as a drain on resources with no direct return. It is clear that strong incentives will be necessary to overcome this reluctance to provide data for a national land parcel system.
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services. Others are building real estate applications or serving as wholesale aggregators of land parcel data.
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From page 111... ...
Unwillingness of tribes to Accept Current Delineations Another concern tribes have with the release of land parcel data is that some tribes do not wish to accept the current land parcel delineations as defined by the federal government. In addition, there is fear that acceptance of those lands will set a precedent, or interfere with current land claims.
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From page 112... ...
With more than 3,000 counties, tribes, and other local government entities as potential producers of parcel data, the organizational issues are complex. Also, other countries have created national land parcel data, which shows that it is feasible to do so.
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