Review of the Toxicologic and Radiologic Risks to Military Personnel from Exposures to Depleted Uranium During and After Combat (2008) / Chapter Skim
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7 Uranium Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity
7 Uranium Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity
Pages 86-95
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From page 86... ...
Some inhalation-exposure studies of insoluble uranium oxides that remain in the lungs and pulmonary lymph nodes have shown that lung cancers develop after extended periods; other studies have shown damage to lung tissue but no evidence of neoplasia. Powdered or solid implants of metallic uranium placed in muscle tissue have also shown evidence of uranium carcinogenicity.
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From page 87... ...
In addition, the latent period for the uranium-induced sarcomas in these experiments was similar to reported latent periods for sarcomas produced in rats by the radioactive elements radium and thorium. Thus, the basis of the powdered metallic uranium's carcinogenic effects remained uncertain.
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From page 88... ...
In animals exposed to both uranium dust and radon and radon daughters, there were two osteosarcomas and none in the control animals, four reticulum-cell sarcomas and three in the controls, and one adrenal-cell sarcoma and zero in the controls. Those results suggest that radon in uranium ore is an important factor in the carcinogenicity associated with exposure to natural uranium ore.
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From page 89... ...
The collective findings suggest that both the chemical and radiologic properties of natural uranium may play a role in its carcinogenicity. Depleted Uranium Recent studies have been designed specifically to assess the carcinogenicity of DU under exposure conditions experienced by Gulf War soldiers who had embedded DU metal fragments.
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From page 90... ...
at concentrations that decreased cell viability did not increase DNA damage above background levels but that exposure to insoluble uranium (as uranium trioxide) caused chromosomal aberrations in 15% of metaphase cells.
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From page 91... ...
The authors concluded that molecular analysis of the HPRT mutations induced by uranyl acetate exposure showed mutation spectra consistent, at least in part, with a chemical-induced effect. Uranyl acetate exposure induced more major genomic rearrangements (multiexon insertions and deletions)
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From page 92... ...
Alkaline conditions allow detection of single- and double-strand breaks, whereas neutral conditions allow detection only of doublestrand breaks. The olive tail moment was used to quantify DNA damage; this index measures the amount of DNA damage and the distance of migration of the genetic material in the tail.
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From page 93... ...
(1991) reported increases in SCE and chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of uranium-production workers exposed to a mix of soluble and insoluble uranium compounds and possibly enriched uranium.
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From page 94... ...
RECOMMENDATIONS • Assessment of the risk of cancer and organ dysfunction posed by military exposure to DU is limited by lack of knowledge of the mechanisms by which uranium causes cancer and by the absence of experimental animal data from studies with exposure scenarios similar to those during the Gulf War. Additional animal studies should be performed that use DU oxide particles that are similar in size and solubility to those created by the penetration of DU armor by DU munitions; that involve a single, short (up to 1-h)
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From page 95... ...
Spermatogonial cells also should be examined for chromosomal aberrations in the testes. The latter would provide information on the possible heritable nature of the aberrations.
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