Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-9
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Nearly 20 million nuclear medicine procedures using radiopharmaceuticals and imaging instruments are carried out annually in the United States alone. Overall usage of nuclear medicine procedures is expanding rapidly, especially as new imaging technologies, such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)
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; • assess the atherosclerotic cardiovascular system; • understand the metabolism and pharmacology of new drugs; • assess the efficacy of new drugs and other forms of treatments, speeding their introduction into clinical practice; • employ targeted radionuclide therapeutics to individualize treatment for cancer patients by tailoring the properties of the targeting vehicle and the radionuclide; • develop new technology platforms (e.g., integrated microfluidic chips and other automated screening technologies) that would accelerate and lower the cost of discovering and validating new molecular imaging probes, biomarkers, and radiotherapeutic agents; • develop higher resolution, more sensitive imaging instruments to detect and quantify disease faster and more accurately; • further develop and exploit hybrid imaging instruments, such as positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI)
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the synthesis of new radiotracers to improve understanding of how specific organs function; (3) the development of imaging instruments, enabling technologies, and multimodality imaging devices, such as PET/CT and PET/MRI, to improve disease diagnosis; (4)
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FINDING 1A: The Medical Applications and Sciences Program2 under the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DOE-OBER) (and precursor agencies, Atomic Energy Commission and Energy Research and Development Administration)
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Implementation Action 1B: A national nuclear medicine research pro gram should be coordinated by the DOE and the NIH with the former emphasizing the general development of technology and the latter dis ease-specific applications. In committing itself to the stewardship of technology development (radiopharmaceuticals and imaging instrumen tation)
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. Implementation Action 2A, Toxicology: The FDA should clarify and issue final guidelines for performing pre-investigational new drug evalu ation for radiopharmaceuticals, particularly with regard to the recently added requirement for studies to determine late radiation effects for targeted radiotherapeutics.
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To address the shortage of nuclear medicine scientists, engineers, and research physicians, the NIH and the DOE, in conjunction with specialty societies, should consider convening expert panels to identify the most critical national needs for training and determine how best to develop appropriate curricula to train the next generation of scientists and provide for their support (Chapter 8)
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The DOE-OBER should continue to encourage collaborations between basic chemistry, physics, computer science, and imaging laboratories, as well as multi-disciplinary centers focused on nuclear medicine technology development and application, to stimulate the flow of new ideas for the development and translation of next-generation radiopharmaceuticals and imaging instrumentation. The role of industry should be considered and mechanisms developed that would hasten the technology development process (Chapters 6 and )
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2. There is no domestic supplier for most of the radionuclides used in day to day nuclear medicine practice in the United States and no accelerator dedicated to research on medical radionuclides needed to advance targeted molecular therapy in the future.
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