Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration (2008) / Chapter Skim
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5 Criminal Justice Institutions and Community Resources
5 Criminal Justice Institutions and Community Resources
Pages 63-71
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From page 63... ...
The special issue of Court Review is significant because it evidences a movement of therapeutic jurisprudence from an academic perspective to a tool for actually changing practice. The special issue was introduced by Judge William Schma (2000)
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From page 64... ...
The most mature example of the judiciary's involvement in specialized courts the involve offender rehabilitation is the drug court. First implemented in 1989, the growth of drug courts has been unprecedented: there are now more than 1,550 drug courts now operating in the United States (National Institute of Justice, 2006)
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From page 65... ...
REENTRY COURTS Due to the perceived success of drug courts, judges have become more receptive to new problem-solving approaches to adjudication, and the drug court model has now been extended to domestic violence courts, family treatment courts for dependency proceedings, mental health courts, and DWI offenses (driving while intoxicated or, in some jurisdictions, driving under the influence) (for an overview, see Casey and Rottman, 2003)
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From page 66... ...
In February 2000 the Office of Justice Programs began the Reentry Courts Initiative (OJP-RCI) , designed to provide technical assistance to jurisdictions interested in developing reentry courts.
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From page 67... ...
. The authors found that most reentry courts did offer comprehensive services to their program participants, including substance abuse treatment, family counseling, employment and vocational assistance, and housing assistance.
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From page 68... ...
And although the capacity of communities to which releasees return vary, most of them are inadequately prepared to assist formerly incarcerated people in making prosocial decisions, acquiring needed skills, and having the kind of opportunities (e.g., substance abuse treatment, employment counseling, and family reunification) that support successful reentry.
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From page 69... ...
When collective efficacy is weak, new releasees, like other people in the community, are less regulated by informal social controls, and their chances for reinvolvement in criminal behavior are likely to be higher. The impact of collective efficacy on the criminal behavior of returning prisoners, as distinct from crime generally, is an important topic for future research.
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From page 70... ...
The business community is not often involved in local discussions about the problems of crime and reentry, yet business is the source of money and jobs that could contribute to supporting communitywide reentry programs. Through a communitywide strategic planning process, Baltimore and Chicago have brought the business community into these discussions, and business leaders have responded by offering jobs to former prisoners (see, e.g., http://www.oedworks.com/ whatsnew/pr0912202.htm [accessed June 2007]
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From page 71... ...
This gap in the capacity of service providers is difficult to address, but it is a complaint often voiced by community residents when asked what should be done to support former prisoners in their transition from prison to local community (Visher and Farrell, 2005)
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