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1 Introduction
Pages 17-24

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From page 17...
... ; thus, in addition to meeting increasing energy demands, the United States and China must confront the air quality challenges that result from fossil fuel consumption on such a large scale. While the United States has made progress in remediating much of the air pollution experienced in its heavy industrial period in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it still faces air pollution challenges resulting from electricity production, vehicle use, and numerous other sources.
From page 18...
... In addition to informing national policies in both countries, the study is intended to assist Chinese cities in assessing their challenges, including the dual challenges of continued use of coal as the dominant source of energy and the rapidly increasing use of private vehicles, in the context of rapid economic growth, preservation of the environment, and ensuring the quality of life for their citizens. This report is geared towards policy and decision makers at all levels of government, as they seek to balance urban energy consumption with air quality management. It identifies lessons learned from the case studies of four cities (Pittsburgh and Los Angeles in the United States, Huainan and Dalian in China)
From page 19...
... One ancillary benefit of the study process was that it provided useful cross-sector and cross-country exchanges, particularly among local stakeholders. Having local environmental managers interact with scientific and technical experts, and being able to "kick the tires" on a technology, is valuable to any city seeking to meet its energy needs without compromising air quality.
From page 20...
... For the United States, current air quality challenges include meeting the 1997 standards for ozone and particulate, the 1999 standard for regional haze, and the revised 24-hour PM 2.5 standard. Presently, U.S.
From page 21...
... This migration is underpinning the industrialization and economic growth taking place in Chinese cities, and though it presents new challenges in terms of energy use and associated air pollution, it also provides new opportunities for sustainable consumption and improved air quality management. It is important to have a clear understanding of how a "city" is defined in each country.
From page 22...
... These dust storms have affected air quality regionally within Asia as well as globally; regions in the western United States are limited in their ability to achieve visibility goals, due to dust transported from Asia (NRC, 2001)
From page 23...
... Some of the challenges posed by these energy consumption and air quality issues necessarily require management at the national level, which is reflected in a number of the chapters herein. However, this study is intended to assist Chinese cities, many of which are decentralized to a degree not common in the United States; therefore, it was important to also focus on lessons learned at the local level, in order to inform the hundreds of developing cities in China.
From page 24...
... 2004. Air Quality Management in the United States.


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