Energy Futures and Urban Air Pollution Challenges for China and the United States (2008) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
9 The Huainan Experience
9 The Huainan Experience
Pages 253-274
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 253... ...
In 2004, the total area of the city was 2,585 km2, of which the urban area was 1,489 km2, and the population was 2,335,800, of which 1,625,100 were urban. In 1984, together with Chongqing, Dalian, Qingdao, and other cities, the State Council approved Huainan as a county-level city, granting it local legislative power.
|
From page 254... ...
The concept of the Three Bases was first put forward by former President Jiang Zemin, and has since become the guiding strategy in the city's development. Industry dominates Huainan's economy, particularly primary industries like energy raw materials (coal)
|
From page 255... ...
Industry also plays an important role in Huainan's research capacity. The Huainan Chemical Group maintains the Research Institute of Chemical Designing with a research staff of 140, who focus much of their work on coal technologies, in particular, coal gasification technologies utilizing locally mined coal.
|
From page 256... ...
The emission of waste water and gaseous pollutants were 27-49 percent higher, and the air emissions from electrical power generation and the coal chemical industry were 50 percent higher than other industries. SO 2, smoke dust, coal waste, and fly ash from these industries amounted to 99.9 percent, 99.47 percent, 60.5 percent, and 34.5 percent, respectively, of Huainan's total air emissions (HEPB, 2005)
|
From page 257... ...
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 9-4 From 2001 to 2005, the annual average NO2 concentrations increased in the urban district, notably in the E&TDZ and Xiejiaji areas, though the overall average for 2005 still satisfied Class I standards (Figure 9-5)
|
From page 258... ...
The PM10 annual averages for 2002-2005 are shown in Figure 9-7, as measured in the urban district. Figure 9-8 shows PM10 annual averages from three administrative districts and
|
From page 259... ...
9-7 Datong Tianjia'an Xiejiaji 0.160 Class III 0.140 Class II 0.120 0.100 mg/m 3 0.080 0.060 0.040 0.020 0.000 2002 2003 2004 2005 FIGURE 9-8 Annual Average PM10 concentrations in three administrative districts of Huainan, 2002-2005.
|
From page 260... ...
Qualitatively, it can be noted that the comprehensive index of the air pollution was kept at a relatively low level in the 10th FYP, even as the city's GDP increased annually; but it also should be noted that certain pollutants, namely SO2, gradually increased after a period of decline from 1996 to 2000. From 2001 to 2005, SO2 and NO2 levels increased, while PM10 and dust fall decreased.
|
From page 261... ...
el y e B . m n e e e os os ot tor in P ov io us in ag H H iE iG oriu at o er e rH n ac iM nj nj at St eh iM pl e lF y n s r gz av o in ha ee Li Pa Pa Fi an ity gs Sa Bu u C Pe rM on St an qu nq hu d 1s D an a nz 3r in rb an Ti Xi U Ti ua H FIGURE 9-9 Dust fall distribution with time variation at various monitoring places.
|
From page 262... ...
All of these measures played an important role in local air quality improvement. Prior to 1992, there were no boilers with desulfurization equipment, but facilities have begun installing scrubbers, particularly for power plant boilers.
|
From page 263... ...
Cities calculate their environmental bearing capacity, alternatively referred to as carrying capacity, in order to determine the amount of certain emissions the local environment might bear without further compromising environmental quality (according to the State Environmental Protection Agency's classification system)
|
From page 264... ...
, 2000-2005 Percent 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Increase SO2 emissions 92598 94603 94791 91326 114910 118730 28.2 From industry 91473 91698 90734 90466 112857 117930 28.9 Dust emissions 29339 31353 31412 27264 35669 32818 11.9 From industry 27249 27823 26482 25674 27970 31618 16.0 TABLE 9-3 Emissions and Theoretical Environmental Bearing Capacity for Huainan in 2003 (unit: ton) SO2 TSP Estimated emissions 91326 27264 Bearing capacity 117900 172000
|
From page 265... ...
, amounting to 32 percent of the reserves in eastern China and 19 percent of the country's total coal reserves (Huainan Municipal Government, 2005)
|
From page 266... ...
occurring in the new the Panxie mine area. The old mine area is south of the Huai River, the east area extends from the Jiulong mountain to the Datongjuren village, and the west area extends from Lier mine to west Kongji mine, forming two large coal excavation sink areas with a total length of 25 km and a total area of 6,342 hectares.
|
From page 267... ...
POLLUTION AND ENERGY POLICIES AND THE APPROACH TO AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT In the 10th FYP, from 2001 to 2005, air quality monitoring in the Huainan urban district changed in four aspects. First, automatic monitoring supplanted manual monitoring.
|
From page 268... ...
Measures to protect the environment • Two projects to control the waste gas have been finished • Rebuilt the fly ash removing system in the thermal power plant of Anhui Huainan Chemical Group • Rebuilt the dust separation system in the cement production process, Anhui Huainan Mine Group • Implemented "Management regulation of the environmental pollution for small scale boiler/stove in Huainan" • Comprehensive reuse of solid waste reached 5,782,100 tons, an increase of 7.7 percent compared with previous year, including 2,029,500 tons of coal fly ash and 3,305,000 tons of other coal waste A system of environmental quality responsibility has been put into practice. Required performance criteria for the construction of an ecological city and the establishment of a National Model City for Environmental Protection have been established for all levels of government and corporations.
|
From page 269... ...
In addition, there is no basic environmental equipment construction in the connecting regions between urban and rural areas. These conditions do not currently meet the standards of a National Model City for Environmental Protection, which Huainan is pursuing.
|
From page 270... ...
Coal-fired power plants are large consumers of water, for both rinsing and cooling. Therefore, the water used in fly ash rinsing in coal-fired power plants should be fully recovered, and the government has set a target of > 97 percent industrial wastewater reuse in these plants (Huainan Mining Group, 2005)
|
From page 271... ...
It is a story of dynamic tension between efforts to adopt more stringent air pollution standards, to install basic pollution control equipment, to install more modern combustion technology, and simultaneously to rapidly expand production of coal and coal fired generation of electricity. This chapter cites averages over the 2001-2005 period which for the most part meet the Class II standard, but the trends over that period show continuing increases for some important pollutants, especially SO2.
|
From page 272... ...
This will aid each city in the region, including Huainan, in developing appropriate responses, and will create a framework to address emerging regional air quality challenges. REFERENCES CCII (China Coal Information Institute)
|
From page 273... ...
2005. Country to establish National Engineering Center for Coal Gas Control.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.