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Health Effects of Beryllium Exposure A Literature Review (2007) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
Pages 5-9

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From page 5...
... Applications of beryllium oxide include hightechnology ceramics, electric insulators, gyroscopes, military-vehicle armor, rocket nozzles, crucibles, laser structural components, automotive ignition systems, and radar electronic countermeasure systems (Kolanz 2001; ATSDR 2002; Kreiss et al.
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From page 6...
... Environmental Protection Agency; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; OEL, occupational exposure limit; OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration; PEL, permissible exposure limit; REL, recommended exposure limit; RfC, reference concentration (inhalation) ; RfD, reference dose (oral)
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From page 7...
... The adjustment resulted in an RfC of 0.02 µg/m3. EPA also classifies beryllium as a likely human carcinogen on the basis of epidemiologic studies that found increases in lung cancer and supporting evidence from animal studies that beryllium induces lung cancer in rats and monkeys.
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From page 8...
... In its second report, which is in development, the committee will estimate chronic inhalation exposure levels for military personnel and civilian contractor workers that are unlikely to produce adverse health effects. The committee will provide carcinogenic risk estimates for various inhalation exposure levels.
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From page 9...
... It includes a review of the exposure assumptions that underlie existing exposure standards, consideration of exposures in natural and anthropogenic settings, and an examination of how physiochemical characteristics and particle sizes are associated with risk of disease. Chapter 3 provides an overview of the scientific literature on beryllium sensitization and CBD, including what is known about pathogenesis, mode of action, and genetic susceptibility.
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Key Terms

  • exposure limit
  • inhalation exposure
  • exposure levels
  • beryllium disease
  • occupational safety

  • lung cancer
  • unit risk
  • human carcinogen
  • action level
  • epidemiologic studies

  • permissible exposure
  • exposure guidelines
  • chronic beryllium
  • exposure limits
  • beryllium alloys

  • beryllium oxide
  • acute beryllium
  • american national
  • american industrial
  • chronic inhalation

  • worker health
  • health administration
  • limit value
  • value based
  • true positive

  • particle size
  • reference concentration
  • cancer risks
  • threshold limit
  • animal studies


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