Health Effects of Beryllium Exposure A Literature Review (2007) / Chapter Skim
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4 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity
4 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity
Pages 60-69
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From page 60... ...
GENOTOXICITY Compounds of beryllium have tested positively in nearly 50% of the genotoxic studies conducted without exogenous metabolic activation, but were nongenotoxic in most bacterial tests. Beryllium chloride, beryllium nitrate, beryllium sulfate, and beryllium oxide have been shown to be nongenotoxic in the Ames plate incorporation assay and assays with Escherichia coli pol A, E
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From page 61... ...
1979 Chromosomal Swine lymphocytes BeCl2 -- Positive Vegni-Talluri and aberration Guiggiani 1967 Syrian hamster BeSO4 -- Positive Larramendy et al. 1981 embryo cells Human lymphocytes BeSO4 -- Positive Larramendy et al.
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From page 62... ...
Although the bacterial assays have been largely negative, the mammalian test systems exposed to beryllium compounds have shown evidence of mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and cell transformations. Further studies would confirm the mutagenic or genotoxic properties of the various beryllium compounds.
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From page 63... ...
It pointed out that the risk of lung cancer was consistently higher in plants in which there was an excess mortality from nonrespiratory disease. IARC also concluded that the association between lung-cancer risk and beryllium exposure did not appear to be confounded by smoking.
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From page 64... ...
(2002) have reported that making alternative adjustments and comparisons to address those issues resulted in no statistical association between beryllium exposure in the workers and lung cancer.
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From page 65... ...
After 13 months of exposure, all the exposed rats developed alveolar adenocarcinomas; the control rats had no lung neoplasms. The neoplasia was preceded by a proliferative response that progressed from hyperplasia to neoplasia.
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From page 66... ...
treated with Be-Al, respectively; no Particle size: 1-2 tumors with other alloys µm Litvinov et al. Rat Intratracheal BeO at 0.036, 0.36, Malignant epithelial lung tumors 1983 3.6, or 18 mg/kg found;.
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From page 67... ...
BeSO4 at 35.16 19 of 22 young rats and 13 of 15 Reeves and Rat Inhalation µg/m3 (35 h/week older rats developed lung tumors Deitch 1969 for 800, 1,600, after 3 and 18 months, respectively; 2,400 h) at 3 months, older rats had fewer Particle size: 0.21 lung neoplasms than younger rats µm (mean)
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From page 68... ...
Mouse In vitro 1-5 nM BeF2 kinases MEK1, ERK1, p38 MAPK, 2002 peritoneal JNK; increases also seen in NF macrophages κB, CREB transcription factors, c fos, and c-myc Note: Al = aluminum, Be = beryllium, BeCl2 = beryllium chloride, BeF2 = beryllium fluoride, BeO = beryllium oxide, BeSO4 = beryllium sulfate, Co = cobalt, Cr = chromium, Cu = copper,; GSD = geometric standard deviation, Ni = nickel.
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From page 69... ...
Malignant lung neoplasms developed in a dose-related manner after exposure to either beryllium oxide or beryllium chloride, but none was found in the controls. The carcinogenicity of two beryllium ores, bertrandite and beryl, was evaluated in male squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciurea)
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