Science and Security in a Post 9/11 World A Report Based on Regional Discussions Between the Science and Security Communities (2007) / Chapter Skim
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I. Introduction
I. Introduction
Pages 17-26
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From page 17... ...
Commission on National Security/21st Century (February 2001) 2 T he tragedy of September 11, 2001, the subsequent anthrax attacks, and ongoing terror threats internationally have markedly changed national and international security.
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Moreover, there is concern that terrorists aspiring to apply advanced technology in weapons might develop the technical capability to do so through a university education. This situation too is different from that of the Cold War because the Soviet Union was a sophisticated adversary, at least with respect to weapons technology, while current terrorists are not.
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From page 19... ...
(See Box 1A.) BOX 1A Examples of the Academic Research Community's Response to Security Concerns Since 9/11 universities have taken on considerably more activities to educate faculty and students about national security concerns, to comply with federal regulations, and to tighten their physical security.
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The committee reached this conclusion because policies aimed to minimize the threats described above also can pose significant risks to our Nation's ability to remain economically and militarily secure. The committee expressed the belief that the United States cannot achieve national security in the 21st century without economic security.
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It is in the context of these dilemmas that the committee began its work. In its 2005 prepublication report, Rising Above the Gathering Storm Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, a National Academies committee wrote, "Although many people assume that the United States will always be a world leader in science and technology, this may not continue to be the case inasmuch as great minds and ideas exist throughout the world."4 Not only does U.S.
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From page 22... ...
Stateless nations, or ‘nonstate actors' as they are called, do not play with the same figures or pieces,"7 and as such they require us to reconsider how we think about scientific openness and national security. However, while the nature of the threat may have changed since the Cold War period, "the risks to scientific and technological progress and the potential negative effects of imposing restrictions remain similar."8 A broader view of security also must recognize that safety is increasingly international and shared, that nation-state borders are increasingly porous, that information -- including scientific information -- is increasingly ubiquitous, that intense communication is necessary to dispel 5 Hearings before the U.S.
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From page 23... ...
The committee was composed of individuals with a wide array of experience in academic and government service, including individuals who served or are currently serving in senior government or committee positions within the following organizations: • Central Intelligence Agency • Defense Science Board • Department of Defense • Department of Energy • Department of State • National Nuclear Security Administration • National Science Advisory Board on Biosecurity • National Security Agency • National Security Council • Nuclear Regulatory Commission • Senate Armed Services Committee and Intelligence Oversight Committee • U.S. Air Force U.S.
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Response to the Charge The committee assiduously sought the advice of senior representatives of the security and intelligence communities and heard from current and past senior government officials from the Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) , the FBI, CIA, DOD, the Department of Commerce, and DOE.
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In general, the committee focused its discussions on five issues central to promoting a robust scientific and technological enterprise essential to our economic and national security. These topics arose repeatedly during the three regional meetings: • The need for rational and coherent policies governing openness and control of scientific and technical information and the tools and products of research 25
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From page 26... ...
Understanding the realities of the 21st century, the committee recognizes that we must continue to protect our Nation's most vital national security secrets. It is important for university leadership and the national security community to define those few key secrets that require safeguarding and to review them regularly.
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