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Science and Security in a Post 9/11 World A Report Based on Regional Discussions Between the Science and Security Communities (2007) / Chapter Skim
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III. The Internationalization of U.S. Science and Engineering
Pages 49-56

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From page 49...
... Since World War II, the United States has experienced a steadily growing inflow of students and postdoctoral scholars from throughout the world, most rapidly during the 1990s.52 Foreign-born scientists and engineers come to the United States, stay in large numbers, and make significant contributions to America's ability to achieve and maintain technological and economic leadership. Between 1990 and 2004, more than one-third of Nobel Prizes in the United States were awarded to foreign-born scientists.
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From page 50...
... 2005. Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Students in the United States.
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From page 51...
... A 2005 Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy report stated the following: The participation of international graduate students and postdoctoral scholars is an important part of the research enterprise of the United States. In some fields they make up more than half the population of graduate students and postdoctoral scholars.
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From page 52...
... 2005. Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States, p.
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From page 53...
... After three consecutive years of decline, the Council of Graduate Schools reported an increase in total foreign enrollment of one percent in 2006, and the number of new foreign students increased by 12 percent, led by newly entering students from India and China.62 While the data do not indicate a full recovery, they do suggest that international students are still interested in studying in the United States, and that the recent policies enacted by the Departments of State and Homeland Security to streamline and shorten visa processing, as well as procedural changes in admissions and recruitment processes by educational institutions, have been effective, although some concerns remain about re-entry. In addition, in November 2006, the Department of State amended its regulations and extended the permitted program duration from three to five years for professor and researcher participants.63 These measures have gone a long way to reduce some of the early concerns about an apparently unwelcoming environment for international students and scholars after September 11, 2001.
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From page 54...
... visa and immigration policies ought to provide consistent, clear procedures that do not unduly obstruct the flow of international graduate students and postdoctoral students. A new subcategory would "provide a better mechanism for …officials to track student and scholar visa applicants," and would provide a "means for collecting clear data on numbers and trends of graduate-student and postdoctoral-scholar visa applicants."64 BOX 3A Visas for Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars Graduate students typically obtain an F or J visa to study in the United States.
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From page 55...
... The Committee is encouraged by congressional efforts that give serious consideration to policies that govern the flow of foreign scientists and engineers into the United States, such as proposals that would ease restrictions on foreign students pursuing scientific and technical degrees. Efforts such as this -- coupled with congressional action to implement the recommendations of Rising Above the Gathering Storm that would increase the number of U.S.
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From page 56...
... Student visas should be of a duration commensurate with the term of study. Recommendation 7: The Department of State, along with other federal agencies such as the Departments of Commerce and Labor, should determine whether students and scientists here on temporary visas should be allowed to extend their stay if they are working in a scientific or technical field deemed to be in demand in the United States.
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Key Terms

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  • regional meeting
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  • policy implications
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  • home countries
  • engineering graduate
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  • graduate enrollment
  • postdoctoral students
  • free movement
  • terrorist attacks
  • regional meetings

  • security northeast
  • research scholars
  • northeast regional
  • graduate enrollments
  • graduate student

  • engineering students
  • graduate admissions
  • stigmatize foreign
  • draw international
  • level graduate

  • foreign enrollment
  • offer foreign
  • foreign citizens
  • tracking international
  • international student


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