Violence Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Finding a Place on the Global Agenda: Workshop Summary (2008) / Chapter Skim
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7 Scaling Up International Support for Violence Prevention
7 Scaling Up International Support for Violence Prevention
Pages 72-88
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From page 72... ...
identified five key elements for building strong, national foundations for violence prevention: (1) developing a national action plan and identifying a lead agency; (2)
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From page 73... ...
Rodney Hammond moderated this session and explained that the speakers were asked to organize their presentations around the themes of identifying the groundwork they are laying to internationally expand and scale up the public health approach, identifying what more needs to be done to support effective efforts, and providing examples of the investments and activities that suggest a strategy for widespread adoption of effective methods to prevent violence. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION Collective, interpersonal, or self-directed violence has extensive and pervasive long-term implications for development and health.
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From page 74... ...
representing a coherent Violence Prevention Alliance viewpoint to make the case for increased attention to violence prevention, to assess the gaps in programming and the way the discourse of official development agencies is engaging the problem, to suggest an agenda of action, and to stimulate ongoing dialogue among official development agencies on violence prevention. To determine what is needed for further action, the Violence Prevention Alliance conducted a content analysis of 22 official development agency websites to discern the visibility and level of priority given to the seven types of violence defined in the workshop's materials.
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From page 75... ...
The international recommendations include developing common criteria between different agencies and different United Nations groups for upstream violence prevention programming, recognizing and using the evidence base in developing an official development agencies' agenda which includes violence prevention and expanding the sectoral entry points for violence prevention, so that health, education, employment, and welfare can be included as important partners. They also recommended the inclusion of violence prevention indicators in routine poverty and development surveys.
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From page 76... ...
In a state that had never been able to even get a bill out of committee to regulate handguns, by 2003 California had the toughest gun control legislation in the country. The foundation's investment of $7 million a year was actually larger than the state's investment of $5 million a year for youth violence prevention, but by 2003, the state was investing nearly $400 million a year in youth violence prevention.
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From page 77... ...
Over the decade that the initiative was in place, approximately 300 individuals went through one or more of those programs. Today, Yates noted, many of the people who participated in these leadership programs are still active in violence prevention, some as national and California state policymakers.
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From page 78... ...
She also addressed strategies for elevating the issue onto the agenda of the international donor community. She reminded the group that many donors, perhaps most donors, base their interventions or their programs around the Millennium Development Goals, which cover a range of different things -- eradicating extreme poverty, achieving universal primary education, maternal health, child mortality, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and others.
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From page 79... ...
Evidentiary Needs for the Development Agenda Joseph observed that many donor agencies or development actors treat violence as a "kind of external shock" with which they have to deal or cope, likely by working around it, but not actually addressing it. It is necessary to help donors and development agencies understand that there is something that can and should be done and -- if it is done -- will actually make a huge difference in the success of development interventions.
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From page 80... ...
Lastly, to address many of the necessary, but missing, elements to elevate violence prevention on the development agenda, DFID is working within the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's Development Assistance Committee to develop guidance for donors on programming for prevention of armed violence. As a result of the workshop, she also identified a potential collaboration with the WHO-led Violence Prevention Alliance in this regard.
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From page 81... ...
He explained that violence against children is neither a minor nor a small-scale issue. It is diverse and covers harmful traditional practices such as genital mutilation and cutting of 100 million to 140 million women and girls worldwide; armed conflict and armed violence, which are responsible for 200,000 deaths and 53,000 homicides annually; physical punishment in schools and other institutions; and sexual exploitation and trafficking of an estimated 1.2 million children annually -- but as Ms.
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From page 82... ...
For female genital mutilation, for example, UNICEF found that this is an issue that can only be addressed by society as a whole, not by individuals or individual families, and the most effective thing is to provide data and information to communities who are much more likely to make their own decisions to drop the practice as evidenced in Senegal. He also noted that the World Economic Forum in Amman actually concluded that issues of high unemployment are linked to violence among youth and the tendency toward greater violence among young people because of the inability of the educational systems throughout the Middle East to provide the necessary education to produce the labor force that is necessary throughout the country.
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From page 83... ...
He stated that he thought these estimates to be eminently reachable. He noted, however, that improved collaboration, not a continuation of "individual work on individual strands of the problem," would move violence prevention forward as a collective action on multiple agendas.
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From page 84... ...
In her research, she described use of the Conflict Tactics Scale to measure levels of interpersonal violence by examining a number of social variables that include migration, social networks, family structures, psycho social factors, demographics, and the usual socioeconomic variables. She highlighted a few findings from the study.
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From page 85... ...
However, the picture is not at all straightforward. She stated there is also some evidence from other studies indicating that those involved in intimate partner violence are not necessarily involved in violence outside the domestic context.
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Garbarino, she advocated for increased differentiation in measures according to social contexts for a better understanding of the different types or arenas of violence and therefore the different risk factors in those social contexts in which the violence and aggression are being perpetrated. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES OF SCALING UP PREVENTION PROGRAMS Carl Bell explored lessons learned about suicide prevention from the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2002)
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From page 87... ...
Bell's HIV prevention work was also found to be effective in reducing the stigma of HIV for both children and adults. From research in the Chicago Public Schools it has been shown that when children, teachers, and parents are connected and attached; the findings indicate less violence, less suicide, delayed sexual debut, and fewer other disruptive behaviors among children, which appears to be consistent with Hawkins' findings with social bonding.
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From page 88... ...
The panelists' responses addressed the importance of evidence gathering and dissemination of findings on the determinants, magnitude, and consequences of violence as critical to this synthesis; providing data on the costs and benefits of violence prevention; and building and strengthening capacity for design, implementation, and research. Other important elements identified included repetition of the message; convening and engaging key stakeholders; persistence in engagement; identifying provisional or proximal indicators that can be measured as part of a review or assessment of long-term initiatives for midcourse corrections if necessary; advocacy with the national governments in countries to get them to prioritize violence prevention in health and development investment; and greater dissemination of the success of long-term violence prevention initiatives such as that of the California Wellness Foundation, which does not treat its investment like a pilot project.
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