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Distribution Systems: The Next Frontier--Vanessa L. Speight
Pages 147-154

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From page 147...
... Cincinnati, Ohio Drinking water treatment technology has advanced significantly over the past century. However, once the highly treated water leaves the treatment plant, it must travel to consumers through a distribution system.
From page 148...
... DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WATER QUALITY One key to the protection of public health in the distribution system is the maintenance of a disinfectant residual, typically in the form of free chlorine or chloramine. As water travels through the distribution system the disinfectant oxidizes material in both the bulk water and at the pipe wall surface, thereby reducing the residual available to maintain disinfection (Figure 1)
From page 149...
... Therefore, it is important to deliver the treated water as quickly as possible to the end users to reduce the potential for disinfection byproducts to form. Microbial contamination in the distribution system is also a potential threat to public health (Craun and Calderon, 2001)
From page 150...
... A key challenge in hydraulic modeling is the determination of customer water usage at all points in the distribution system over time. Where customer meters Input parameters Tank for sources Input parameters • Input chlorine for nodes concentration • Base demand • Bulk chlorine Source • Diurnal usage demand coefficient pattern [global]
From page 151...
... Particle transport and deposition modeling is particularly challenging for distribution systems because of the highly variable nature of flow, which in turn is caused by the highly variable nature of individual water usage. The asset management field is developing tools to model infrastructure deterioration based on data input, such as pipe age, material, soil conditions, and number of breaks.
From page 152...
... Solving the distribution system problems will require work in a variety of interrelated fields, including infrastructure materials, water treatment, hydraulics, water chemistry and microbiology, data management, computer modeling, human behavior, public health and public education, and risk management. REFERENCES ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)
From page 153...
... Paper presented at AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, Salt Lake City, UT, November 5-9. Vasconcelos, J


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