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From page 102... ... The Munitions Board was aided by a civilian interagency advisory team called initially the Strategic Materials Committee and later becoming the Interdepartmental Stockpile Committee,. This committee had knowledgeable representatives from the Departments of State, Treasury, Interior, Commerce, and Agriculture that coordinated with the Munitions Board in developing stockpile goals. Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... The General Services Administration continued to purchase and manage stockpile materials and facilities. During the mid 1950s stockpiling continued with materials being added from transfers of materials acquired under the Defense Production Act programs and the Department of Agriculture's surplus food sales in foreign countries program that was paid in commodities. Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... The Materials Reserve and Stockpile Act of 1965 directed that the national stockpile, supplemental stockpile, including the Commodity Credit Corporation stockpile, and Defense Production Act inventory be combined into one National Stockpile and a long-range disposal plan be developed to reduce the inventory of excess materials. The original national stockpile was established under the Strategic Materials Act of 1939 and by September 1964, it had 89 strategic and critical materials with a market value of $6.0 billion. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... The National Stockpile program was changed again in 1979 by the Strategic and Critical Materials Stockpiling Revision Act; this was the second major revision of the original 1939 Act. Stockpile administration and policy functions were transferred to the newly created Federal Emergency Management Agency from the General Services Administration. Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... Section 2 of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stockpiling Act, as amended by the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 1993, stated that "the purpose of the National Defense Stockpile is to serve the interest of national defense only. The National Defense Stockpile is not be used for economic or budgetary purposes." (United States Department of Defense, 1993) Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... (United States Department of Defense, 2006) Since the major sales program began in FY 1993, Congress has specifically earmarked part of the funds from the sale of Defense National Stockpile materials for particular revenue goals. Read the entire page →
From page 108... ... 2006. Strategic and Critical Materials Report to Congress, Operations under the Strategic and Critical Materials Stockpiling Act during the period October 2004 through September 2005 D Read the entire page →
From page 109... ... , online at http://www.slate.com/id/2122010/ 2 Larson et al., Defense Planning in a Decade of Change: Lessons from the Base Force, Bottom-Up Review, and Quadrennial Defense Review, Chapter 2 (Washington, DC: RAND, 2001) , online at MR-1387-AF.; Lorna S Read the entire page →
From page 110... ... … Preserving the potential for expansion of air, ground, and maritime forces will require extraordinary foresight and political courage to lay away infrastructure, stockpile critical materials, protect the defense industrial base, sustain a cadre of quality leaders, and invest in basic science and high-payoff technologies. Reconstitution also requires important decisions based on early strategic warning. Read the entire page →
From page 111... ... , available online at http://www.fas.org/man/docs/qdr/. 8 For a comprehensive argument outlining DoD's interests in supporting a dual-use, globally sourced defense industrial base, see Defense Science Board, Final Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Globalization and Security (December 1999) Read the entire page →
From page 112... ... 10 The 1-4-2-1 construct is formally referenced in the 2004 National Military Strategy, a product of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in support of the National Security Strategy (a White House document) and implementing the 2005 National Defense Strategy (from OSD) Read the entire page →
From page 113... ... For the formal document (which was due in 2005 but was delayed) , see Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (February 6, 2006) Read the entire page →
From page 114... ... PREPUBLICATION COPY SUBJECT TO EDITORIAL CORRECTIONS With regard to risks, the strategy states that "We will consider the full range of risks associated with resources and operations and manage clear tradeoffs across the Department."13 In addition, the QDR outlines a number key differences in DoD strategy under the aegis of Transformation. A few that might impact consideration of a National Defense Stockpile include the following changes vis-à-vis the force structure: • "From responding after a crisis starts (reactive) Read the entire page →
From page 115... ... The Department of Defense would also take part in "limited scope" missions where other agencies have the lead -- for example, security at a special event like the recent Olympics. Thirdly in response planning, the Department of Defense has responsibility for the infrastructure protection plan, vulnerability assessment, and threat warning for the Defense industrial base. Read the entire page →
From page 116... ... • Disruption (physical attack, natural disaster, pandemic illness) of vulnerable critical supply nodes, such as a mineral processing plant, a transportation center, or a consolidated supply depot that would impact military logistics. Read the entire page →
From page 117... ... strategic nuclear arsenal and efforts to counteract the proliferation of nuclear materials across the globe remain a national security priority of the highest order. Since September 11, 2001, there has been a refocusing of the nation's attention to national and homeland security. Read the entire page →
From page 118... ... On the other hand, spurred by the rapid pace of advances in electronics and computation, the performance, life span, and maintainability of materials will be greatly enhanced. A recent NRC report on the globalization of materials research and development identified the need for a better understanding at DoD of the long term MSE R&D needs. Read the entire page →
From page 119... ... -- Develop new methods and standards for filtering air against both chemicals and pathogens as well as better methods and standards for decontamination. It is clear materials will play a role in most if not all of the 9 high priorities identified by the Defense Science Board and the 14 initiatives identified by the National Research Council study on countering 4 Biological sciences; chemical sciences; nuclear and radiological sciences; information technology and telecommunications; transportation; energy facilities; cities and fixed infrastructure; behavioral, social, and institutional issues; and systems analysis and systems engineering. Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... Examples of the types of materials needed are as follows: • Lightweight materials that provide equivalent functionality. • Materials that enhance protection and survivability; • Stealth materials; • Electronic and photonic materials for high-speed communications; 5 National Research Council, Materials Research to Meet 21st Century Defense Needs, Washington D.C.: National Academies Press (2003) Read the entire page →
From page 121... ... PREPUBLICATION COPY SUBJECT TO EDITORIAL CORRECTIONS • Sensor and actuator materials; • High-energy-density materials; and • Materials that improve propulsion technology. The drivers of these needs are multiple. Read the entire page →
From page 122... ... PREPUBLICATION COPY SUBJECT TO EDITORIAL CORRECTIONS Page Intentionally Left Blank Read the entire page →
From page 123... ... increased compared to 2005 and this trend may be expected to continue in the future. Cerium compounds were mainly used for automotive catalytic converters, glass polishing and glass additives. Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... PREPUBLICATION COPY SUBJECT TO EDITORIAL CORRECTIONS Box D-2 Actinide Series Actinium (Ac) Thorium (Th) Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... Effective on 1 March 2003, the NPS became the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) Program managed jointly by DHS and HHS. Read the entire page →
From page 126... ... STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE - PROFILE The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is the world's largest supply of emergency crude oil. Read the entire page →
From page 127... ... directed the United States Department of the Interior to commence the sale of 850 million scm of the Federal Helium Reserve by January 1, 2005, completing the sale by January 1, 2015. The legislation also directed the Department to enter into appropriate arrangements with the NRC to study and report on whether such disposal of helium reserves would have a substantial adverse effect on U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 128... ... government program that seeks to maintain "surge capacity" for military crises in ways broadly analogous to materials stockpiling is the Civilian Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) Read the entire page →
From page 129... ... FIGURE F-1 Annual Consumption of Beryllium by End Use in Metric Tons of Beryllium. Data from USGS 1 USGS Minerals Yearbook, 2005 F-1 Read the entire page →
From page 130... ... MID 1990'S STOCKPILE STUDIES BY THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE In 1994, after completing its assessment of the stockpile requirements, IDA concluded there was no need to stockpile beryllium and in 1995 DoD recommended to Congress that the beryllium goals be dropped to zero. On March 25, 1996, the Department of Defense released an assessment of the global advanced materials technology and industrial base.2 "This assessment found that there are no issues of assured, affordable access to the specialty metals of superalloys, titanium and beryllium, and that industry downsizing to reduce overcapacity will not be inconsistent with future defense requirements." Congress subsequently authorized disposal of all beryl ore and beryllium copper machined alloy (BCMA) Read the entire page →

From page 102...

... The Munitions Board was aided by a civilian interagency advisory team called initially the Strategic Materials Committee and later becoming the Interdepartmental Stockpile Committee,. This committee had knowledgeable representatives from the Departments of State, Treasury, Interior, Commerce, and Agriculture that coordinated with the Munitions Board in developing stockpile goals.