Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants Volume 2 (2008) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 88-102
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From page 88... ...
Navy values are provided for comparison. TABLE 5-5 Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Freon 12 U.S.
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From page 89... ...
. Although the literature does not indicate much difference in effect level between 1-h and multihour exposures, potential mild effects on respiration, the CNS, or heart rate might not be as tolerable for a 24-h period, so use of a more protective EEGL for a 24-h than for a 1h exposure period is justified.
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From page 90... ...
(1978) reported no effect on cognitive or motor function, clinical measures of blood and urine, spirometry, EKG, EEG, or irritation symptoms in eight healthy volunteers exposed at 1,000 ppm 8 h/day, 5 days/week for 2-4 weeks.
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From page 91... ...
Presentation at the First Meeting on Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants, January 23, 2003, Washington, DC. Holdren, M.W., J.C.
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From page 92... ...
2001. Acute neurobehavioral effects in rats from exposure to HFC 134a or CFC 12.
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Freon 12 Prepublication Copy 93 Rusch, G.M.
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From page 94... ...
and other agencies are also presented. The committee considered all that information in its evaluation of the Navy's current and proposed 1-h, 24-h, and 90-day exposure guidance levels for Freon 114.
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From page 95... ...
The few human data are consistent with the animal data in terms of mild respiratory and cardiac effects at 21,000 ppm. Because the cardiac arrhythmias seen after Freon 114 exposure of animals require high exposure to Freon 114 and epinephrine nearly simultaneously, CNS-depressant effects are more likely than cardiac effects to occur at lower concentrations.
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From page 96... ...
Cardiac effects included inversion of the T wave in a few cases and atrioventricular block in one case with a 15-sec exposure to Freon 114 but no life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. No data were reported on effects on MEF75 after exposure to Freon 114.
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From page 97... ...
5 min Pulmonary resistance, pulmonary compliance, respiratory minute 25,000 50,000 Belej and Aviado 1975 volume, heart rate, and aortic blood pressure measured in 100,000 anesthetized dogs, supplemental oxygen administered 200,000 Rhesus 5 min Cardiac arrhythmia and other cardiopulmonary effects in -- 50,000, Belej et al. 1974; Aviado monkey (3)
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From page 98... ...
2.5 h/day, 5 Decreased body-weight gain and blood polymorphonuclear -- 200,000 Paulet and Desbrousses days/week, 2 leukocytes, increased blood lymphocytes, vascular congestion, 1969 weeks and exudates in lungs Prepublication Copy
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From page 99... ...
, days/week, 2 counts, pulmonary pathology, or electrolytes 1969 mouse (20 months adult) Prepublication Copy Cat, rat, 3.5 h/day, 5 No adverse effects 100,000 -- Schloz 1962, as cited in guinea pig, days/week, WHO 1990 dog 20 exposures over 4 weeks Guinea pig (8)
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From page 100... ...
. At 25,000 ppm, no effects on measures of pulmonary resistance, pulmonary compliance, respiratory minute volume, heart rate, and aortic blood pressure were observed.
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From page 101... ...
at exposures of 50,000-200,000 ppm. Repeated Exposure and Subchronic Toxicity No adverse effects were reported in cats, rats, dogs or guinea pigs exposed to Freon 114 at 100,000 ppm 3.5 h/day for 20 exposures (Scholz 1961, as cited in WHO 1990)
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From page 102... ...
. The mechanism of CFC toxicity originates in irritation of the respiratory tract, which by a simple reflex response influences the heart rate before absorption of the CFC (Aviado 1994)
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