Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration (2008) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-6
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recently embarked on Project Constellation to implement the Vision for Space Exploration––a program announced by President George W Bush in 2004 with the goal of returning humans to the Moon and eventually transporting them to Mars. To prepare adequately for the safety of these future space explorers, NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate requested that the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council establish a committee to evaluate the radiation shielding requirements for lunar missions and to recommend a strategic plan for developing the radiation mitigation capabilities needed to enable the planned lunar mission architecture.
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The committee agrees that current permissible exposure limits, as specified in NASA radiation protection standards, are appropriate. The committee strongly recommends that the permissible exposure limits specified in current NASA radiation protection standards not be violated in order to meet engineering resources available at a particular level of funding.
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NASA should perform research at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory aggressively to take advantage of the existing window of opportunity while this facility is still available. The results of the biological research will thus be able to have an impact on the Project Constellation missions in the short term, as well as provide knowledge essential for the management of space radiation risk in the long term.
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The committee found that the methodology used -- ray-tracing analysis combined with state-of-the-art radiation transport and dose prediction codes -- is appropriate for estimating dose within the Orion vehicle and can help guide decisions about the amounts and types of spot or whole-body shielding that should be added to provide protection during solar particle events. As presented to the committee, the Orion Radiation Protection Plan appears to meet the minimum radiation protection requirements as specified in the NASA radiation protection standards.
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NASA should perform research at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory aggressively to take advantage of the existing window of opportunity while this facility is still available. The results of the biological research will thus be able to have an impact on the Project Constellation missions in the short term, as well as provide knowledge essential for the management of space radiation risk in the long term.
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The committee endorses the application of the ALARA principle to radiation risk management, an approach that further emphasizes the need for radiation safety advocacy as a component of the development team for Project Constellation. At this time, operational plans are not sufficiently advanced and well defined to provide evidence that the ALARA principle has or has not been properly implemented.
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