Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration (2008) / Chapter Skim
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5 Strategy for Radiation Risk Mitigation
5 Strategy for Radiation Risk Mitigation
Pages 80-94
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From page 80... ...
The recommendations listed below are roughly in priority order, but they are considered essential elements of a single group. Together, they are necessary and sufficient to implement an effective strategy for risk reduction leading to operational management of radiation risk.
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From page 81... ...
One of the key enablers to reducing this uncertainty is the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) , located at the Department of Energy's (DOE's)
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From page 82... ...
The results of the b iological research will thus be able to have an impact on the Project Constellation missions in the short term, as well as provide knowledge essential for the management of space radiation risk in the long term.
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From page 83... ...
cannot be made using deterministic versions of NASA's space radiation transport codes, since they were developed for incident galactic cosmic ray and SPE spectra, which have
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From page 84... ...
NASA will ultimately establish a system, or architecture, that incorporates various components beyond the physical barriers to radiation. The broader architecture is discussed in the report Space Radiation Hazards and the Vision for Space Exploration (NRC, 2006)
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From page 85... ...
If NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate establishes a formal working relationship with NASA's space science community and with the NOAA Space Environment Center over the next 3 years, the proper elements of a comprehensive operational warning system can be in place when humans return to the Moon. The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)
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From page 86... ...
R01155, Figure 5-2 Fixed image, not changeable solar, solar wind, and particle environment monitors and communications elements. If there is to be an acquisition plan for additional exploration-specific space weather elements in place by 2020, a comprehensive requirements analysis should be completed by 2012.
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From page 87... ...
9. Review of Existing Neutron Albedo Datasets One radiation source that may not have been sufficiently considered on the Moon and on Mars is the secondary radiation (primarily neutrons and gamma rays, often referred to as "albedo")
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From page 88... ...
Review of existing neutron albedo datasets. The predictions of computer codes developed by the NASA Langley Research Center need to be compared with existing data, especially data for secondary radiation and neutron albedo.
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From page 89... ...
NASA could take advantage of the Moon as a testbed for human exploration of Mars by incorporating the development and testing of fission reactor technology into lunar plans. STRATEGIES FOR KEEPING RADIATION RISK WITHIN NASA GUIDELINES Combined with the technology investments outlined above, the following recommendations constitute a comprehensive strategy for mitigating radiation risk to Constellation astronauts.
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From page 90... ...
However, it takes 5 to 15 years before the state of the art in biology results in substantial breakthroughs with applications to the NASA missions. Nevertheless, incremental progress in radiation risk management is possible, and has been significant over the past 15 years.
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From page 91... ...
Concerning the development of necessary nuclear models and databases and the completion of the radiation transport codes needed for shielding and risk assessment, the cadre of radiation physics expertise available within the larger space radiation protection community has been and continues to be very small and is shrinking. NASA needs experts in radiation transport who are also experts in the nuclear interactions of heavy charged particles.
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From page 92... ...
It is often difficult to apply the ALARA principle to radiation risk in a setting in which multiple risks exist, such as a space mission. Radiation experts have been involved in all aspects of the design and development of Orion so far, from hardware to mission operations protocols.
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From page 93... ...
The flight rules -- or even the processes of developing flight rules -- have yet to be started. Whether or not space radiation risk can be efficiently managed hinges on these rules.
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From page 94... ...
2006. Space Radiation Hazards and the Vision for Space Exploration: Report of a Workshop.
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