Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System (2012) / Chapter Skim
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9 Research and Development Needs for the Electric Power Delivery System
9 Research and Development Needs for the Electric Power Delivery System
Pages 91-107
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From page 91... ...
R&D can provide a variety of · Thwarting terrorist attacks (Chapters 3, 4, and 5) ; options for enhanced monitoring, reduced system stress, · Reducing vulnerability to terrorist attacks (Chapter improved reliability, incorporation of advanced technology, 6)
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From page 92... ...
Increasing the power flow capacity of transmission lines involves developing and using advanced network tech can increase security because it provides greater ability to nologies and control features at both the bulk power system bypass a damaged line in delivering power from generating level and the distribution system level. Distributed energy stations to load centers.
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From page 93... ...
The next steps should include the development of the fourth generation of FACTS controllers using advanced power electronics Integrated Communication Architecture devices. Overlaying a communication architecture on the existing power delivery system could be a foundation for enhancing Advanced Power Electronic Devices the functionality of the power system and, therefore, its resilience.
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From page 94... ...
Sensor output, communication, and computation can be used in combination to monitor the effect of transmission Probabilistic Vulnerability Assessment constraints on wholesale power market activities. Operat A key priority among efforts to improve overall system ing in a limited fashion for the Eastern Interconnection, this security is to assess power system vulnerabilities to terrorism capability could be enhanced to include probabilities of line and identify the most effective countermeasures.
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From page 95... ...
When attacks occur, a network of sensors would instantly detect Solid-state Power Electronic Circuit Breakers a voltage fluctuation and communicate this information to Solid-state breakers will allow the system of the future intelligent relays and other equipment located at substa to respond more quickly to disruptions and terrorist attacks. tions.
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From page 96... ...
facilitate use of these recovery transformers. Self-healing Control Methodology for Distribution Systems Physical Security For the distribution system to be secure, it is essential Chapter 3 detailed a set of very-near-term developments to enable distribution system monitoring through a web that relate to physical security, including advanced design of sensors integrated with an overall control methodology and engineering steps to harden substation sites and to make to respond to terrorist attacks and reduce the duration and key components less vulnerable, improved sophisticated impact of failures through a self-healing methodology.
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From page 97... ...
The committee believes that the following should have the highest priority in the mid- to long-term time frame: Distributed Energy Resource Technologies 1. Development, demonstration, and deployment of high-voltage recovery transformers; Distributed Generation 2.
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From page 98... ...
fast switches X X increased asset utilization · Low-voltage switches and smart fuses for isolation X Technologies that are particularly · Probabilistic vulnerability assessment X X X intended to enhance security · Emergency control and restoration X X · Complex interactive network X X · Smart power delivery system X X X · Integrated asset management X X · Integration of distributed energy resources X X · Real-time analysis X X · Solid-state and superconducting fault current limiters X · Solid-state power electronic circuit breakers X · Recovery transformers X · Physical security technologies X Technologies that enable greater · Demand-side management X connectivity and control · Advanced distribution automation X X · Self-healing control methodology for distribution X X systems · Low-cost sensors X · Pre-failure indicators X X Technologies to reduce demand · Efficient lighting X X on the power system · Efficient space conditioning (building heating/ X X cooling · Efficient domestic water heating X X Distributed energy technologies · Distributed generation X X · Electric energy storage X X
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From page 99... ...
0.01 1 in 10 6 1 in 10 5 1 in 10 4 1 in 1000 1 in 100 1 in 10 1.0 3. As indicated above in this chapter, most investments in power delivery system research would serve broad Probability of major attack in the coming decade needs, not just the need to protect the system from terrorist attacks.
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From page 100... ...
Based on responses to the questionnaire, the following technologies were viewed as high-priority R&D goals by most experts: · High-voltage recovery transformers; · Systems to improve operator awareness and system visualization; · Advanced demand response based on dynamic systems; · Multi-layer control strategies; · Distributed control and recovery; · Distributed generation and micro-grids; · Low-cost undergrounding techniques; · Physically robust/resilient poles, conductors, etc.; · Solid-state transformers; · Smart meters; · Distribution power electronic devices; · Advanced relaying and protection; · Advanced failure detection and location; and · Improved distributed storage. Most of the R&D priorities identified by questionnaire respondents showed little differentiation between those needed for improving today's system without a specific focus on the risk of terrorism and those identified with such a focus.
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From page 101... ...
Market Disruptions DHS could consider research into the unique problems that could result from terrorist attacks on the power system in areas where centralized markets exists. Disruption of markets can be as difficult to deal with as problems with the physical electric system and could lead to chaos if the potential consequences and countermeasures are not thought out in advance.
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From page 102... ...
For private sectors of the electric industry is at an all-time low. a while the field was seen by many electrical engineering Neither the utility industry nor the electrical apparatus indus- (EE)
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From page 103... ...
federal involvement. The configuration of today's power system is based 4This includes vertically integrated utilities, power generators, transmis largely on central station power plants located in control sion owners, transmission operators, distribution utilities, and retail providers (where they are active)
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From page 104... ...
Each configuration in this approach reflects The basic philosophy in the decentralized approach is to a distributed level of both instrumentation and control and first increase the independence, flexibility, and intelligence would require a complementary set of milestones on the path of local systems for optimization of energy use and energy to comprehensive national power system perfection. management at the local level, and then to integrate local The four different configurations reflect development of systems as necessary or justified for delivering power supply the system in two important dimensions: and services that consumers desire.
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From page 105... ...
For instance, the availability of inexpensive and an intelligent electricity power delivery infrastructure will clean central generation (e.g., advanced coal, advanced evolve from the existing power system through bottom-up nuclear, advanced hydro, and large wind systems) may transformation created by individual companies adding accelerate the migration to the fully integrated stage, whereas advanced capabilities piece by piece onto the existing grid.
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From page 106... ...
Opportunities for improving the overall efficiency research and development for the electric power delivery of the power system equipment use and operation, while still system led it to draw the following general findings. maintaining reliability, are possible in areas such as a dense urban environment, where existing assets are located in close Finding 9.1 Even in the absence of terrorist attacks, curproximity but are often not fully employed.
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From page 107... ...
Accessed Recommendation 9.6 Develop improved energy storage November 2007. Zerriffi, H
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