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Summary
Pages 1-12

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From page 1...
... While other water management strategies have been used to increase freshwater supply through importation or desalination, improving water efficiency through technology and conservation, and reuse of treated wastewater, the potential for managed underground systems to sustain future water supplies is considerable. With or without the other strategies, there is already a need for temporary detention and storage of water during times of abundance and recovery that water in times of scarcity.
From page 2...
... , the CALFED Bay-Delta Program and the California Department of Water Resources Conjunctive Water Management Branch, the City of Phoenix, the Inland Empire Utilities Agency, the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, the Chino Basin Watermaster, and the NRC President's Committee of the National Academies. 1 In this report the term "managed underground storage" is used instead of "sustainable underground storage."
From page 3...
... . Recommendation: Given the growing complexity of the nation's water management challenges, and the generally successful track record of managed underground storage in a variety of forms and environments, MUS should be seriously considered as a tool in a water manager's arsenal (Chapters 1-7)
From page 4...
... Seasonal to multi-year storage of water will often be a necessary component of such strategies. Recommendation: In anticipating, planning for, and developing MUS projects, water managers should consider them in a watershed and regionally based context and as part of the overall water management strategies (Chapter 7)
From page 5...
... surface and borehole geophysical methods to determine hydrological properties and the ex tent of recharge water volumes during cycle testing, (2) optimization of cycle test design (frequency, duration, and intensity)
From page 6...
... However, the type of source water used for recharge along with subsurface properties and conditions influences the extent of treatment and the effects on native groundwater quality. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of the source water chemistry and mineralogy of the aquifer is requisite to embarking on any MUS project.
From page 7...
... bench-scale and pilot studies along with geochemical modeling to address potential changes in water quality with variable physical water conditions (pH, oxidation potential [Eh] , and dissolved oxygen [DO]
From page 8...
... This approach may undermine MUS programs by putting contaminants underground without appropriate controls. Recommendation: Federal and state regulatory programs should be examined with respect to the need for continued federal involvement in regulation, the necessity of a federal baseline for regulation, and the risks presented by inadequate state regulation.
From page 9...
... For any MUS project–including storage of potable water, stormwater, and recycled water–it is important to understand how water quality differences between native groundwater and the stored water will be viewed by regulators, who are charged
From page 10...
... Therefore, weighing water quality considerations together with water supply concerns, conservation, and public health and safety needs is an essential plan of action. Rigid antidegradation policies2 can impede MUS projects by imposing costly pretreatment requirements and may have the practical effect of prohibiting MUS, even in circumstances where the prospects of endangering human or environmental health are remote and the benefits of water supply augmentation are considerable.
From page 11...
... Each MUS project needs real-time monitoring of the quality of the waters being introduced into underground storage and of waters being extracted from storage for use. Recommendation: Water quality monitoring programs should be designed on a case-by-case basis to assess water quality changes for elements, compounds, and microbes of concern, optimizing the potential to document any improvement in the quality of the source water and to collect samples representing any adverse water quality changes.
From page 12...
... It is unclear whether we can continue to rely on total coliform and Escherichia coli indicator bacteria to characterize the microbial quality of water as the drinking water industry has done for decades. Such methodologies will improve the ability of MUS systems of a variety of sizes to engage in sound monitoring practices.


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