Alternative Agriculture (1989) / Chapter Skim
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7 Florida Fresh-Market Vegetable Production: Integrated Pest Management
7 Florida Fresh-Market Vegetable Production: Integrated Pest Management
Pages 336-349
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From page 336... ...
pest scouting service, Glades Crop Care, Inc. (Table 1~.
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From page 337... ...
Herbicides are used where plastic mulch is inappropriate. Insect and nematode An IPM scouting service is used by all four farms, which greatly control practices reduces pesticide usage.
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Parts of south Florida occasionally have freezing temperatures. PHYSICAL AND CAPITAL RESOURCES South Florida is characterized by flat topography and a high water table that fluctuates between 18 and 24 inches below the surface.
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339 to Z=.
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The intensive cultivation of muck soils causes soil subsidence. Madeline Mellinger and John Hundley reported that up to 1 inch of muck soil is being lost each year, primarily through oxidation.
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Unlike sugarcane, however, vegetables require pesticide application. Still, the extension agent reports that the extensive use of IPM programs such as that offered by GCC has greatly reduced traditional pesticide usage.
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lower rates of pesticide can be applied because the scout reports the eggs and early larval instars rather than waiting until populations of larger insects have reached critical levels. The scout also helps to identify and refine routine prophylactic and remedial insect and disease control practices used by the grower.
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From page 343... ...
C Mellinger, IPM scouting can now reduce sweet corn pesticide applications by up to 50 percent for insects and 25, percent for diseases.
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Ted Winsberg has been growing peppers continuously on the same 350 acres for 30 years. For the past 12 years, he has been using the raised-bed TABLE 3 Per Acre Pesticide Application for Fall Sweet Corn Under IPM in the Everglades Agricultural Area, 1980 Pesticide Methomyl Date (Insecticide)
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From page 345... ...
plastic mulch cultural practice. Winsberg has used GCC pest scouting for 10 years.
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From page 346... ...
He hires GCC to Took for various pest problems, particularly insect pests and diseases, and an {PM scout is in the field looking for pests every second or third day. Although pesticide applications are made every second or third day, a much lower rate of insecticide is now applied as a result of recommendations from the scouting service.
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From page 347... ...
Machine hire Miscellaneous Pesticides Plastic Repair and maintenance Seed and transplants Sterilants and herbicides Total operating costs Fixed costs Depreciation Insurance and licenses Land rent Total fixed costs Harvesting and marketing costs Containers Hauling Picking and packing Selling fees Total harvesting and marketing costs Total costs Total receipts Net return 1,089.56 314.14 128.86 127.54 60.26 148.20 373.02 268.60 238.75 166.72 110.23 3,025.88 182.40 94.88 124.46 401.74 391.68 87.04 832.32 174.08 1,485.12 4,912.74 4,373.76 (-538.98) Yield (bushels)
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From page 348... ...
Fred BarfieZ~ relies exclusively on the pest scouting services of GCC and has used the company for 3 years. Barfield maintains that today's farmer cannot afford to be out looking for insects and other pests 4 to 5 days per week, which is what it takes to grow the quality and quantity of produce needed to stay in business.
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From page 349... ...
It is apparent, however, that the use of IPM by these vegetable producers has improved the monetary and environmental performances of these farms; cost savings of as much as $400.00 per acre were reported. Another benefit is that the amounts of some pesticide applications are reduced through the use of IPM scouting, through the avoidance of unnecessary insecticide spraying, by the selection of different pesticides, and by the use of lower rates of pest control materials.
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