The Development of DRIs 1994-2004 Lessons Learned and New Challenges: Workshop Summary (2008) / Chapter Skim
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1 Workshop Introduction
1 Workshop Introduction
Pages 1-10
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The development of reference values for nutrients has a long history. In 1994 the IOM, with the guidance of the FNB, undertook activities that resulted in major changes in how reference values were developed and The planning committee's role was limited to planning the workshop, and the workshop summary has been prepared by the workshop rapporteur (with acknowledgment of the assistance of staff as appropriate)
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More specifically, the DRIs as reference values now • include upper levels of intake, where appropriate; • incorporate chronic disease endpoints within the array of endpoints that may serve to establish adequate intake or upper intake levels; • include "non-classical" nutrients; • specifically highlight concepts of probability and risk for defining reference values; and • are associated with publications intended to guide users of DRIs. The DRI component values are shown in Box 1-1.
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OVERVIEW OF CURRENT DRI FRAMEWORK AND ISSUES RAISED Presenter: Christine Taylor A new approach to nutrient reference values was put in place in the mid-1990s to respond to the expanded uses of the values and to the newer
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One is the critical set of issues surrounding the research needed to elucidate the basic physiology, metabolism, and homeostatic mechanisms -- in essence, the data that provide the raw materials for DRI development. Second are the science and considerations needed to allow application of the DRIs under specific situations that require in-depth study and consideration beyond that which can be provided in general guidance to users (e.g., the use of the DRIs for nutrition labeling or in developing food assistance programs under U.S.
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Conceptual Underpinnings The conceptual underpinnings have the following two major components: • Purpose of the DRIs (i.e., the goals and guiding principles) • Setup of DRIs (i.e., the kinds of values to be expressed, the types of endpoints that are appropriate, and the nature of the nutrient substances for DRI development)
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Also relevant to the DRI setup is the type of endpoints that are appropriate. The existing framework addresses two types: endpoints to ensure adequacy and endpoints to avoid excess, each of which include chronic and non-chronic disease endpoints.
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Given this concern, the discussions during the workshop are expected to focus on the agreed-upon general steps for DRI development and on enhancing the risk characterization and related "contextual discussions," particularly as they relate to clarifying uncertainty and precision of the value, and comparing the values with the current estimated intake. Another focus is increased efforts to enhance the formal collaboration of the steps for determining reference values for adequacy and for determining upper levels of intake.
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Review Data Develop Consider DRI Estimated Intakes values of Population "Characterization" -- Reflections on ? the situation FIGURE 1-2 Basic steps in DRI development.
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It is important to distinguish between "uses" as they relate generally to the purpose of DRIs and "uses" as they relate to general applications of DRIs in real-world settings when dietary planning and assessment are taking place. Examples of issues related to "uses" as they relate to the purpose of DRIs -- and thus earmarked for discussion as components of the conceptual underpinnings -- include the uncertainty surrounding or precision of the reference values, and how appropriate those values are for use with diseased populations.
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