Use of Dietary Supplements by Military Personnel (2008) / Chapter Skim
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3 Vitamins and Essential Minerals for Military Personnel
3 Vitamins and Essential Minerals for Military Personnel
Pages 72-83
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From page 72... ...
This chapter includes a summary of recommendations provided in those reports and discusses safety concerns associated with the use of vitamin and mineral supplements. Unlike other dietary supplement ingredients, vitamins and certain minerals are considered essential nutrients for which standards of adequacy are needed.
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From page 73... ...
2,300 Zinc (mg) 11 15 40 NOTE: AI = Adequate Intake; AMDR = Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges; DFE = Dietary Folate Equivalents; ND = Not Determined; NE = Niacin Equivalents; PUFA = Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; RAE = Retinol Activity Equivalent; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance; RE = Retinol Equivalents.
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From page 74... ...
For nonessential dietary supplements, any discussion on prevention of nutrient deficiencies with dietary supplements would not apply. The 2006 IOM report Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel indicates that compared to the general population, some groups in the military may require higher intakes of specific nutrients to maintain health because of sweat losses during high-intensity physical activities (IOM, 2006a)
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From page 75... ...
that is intended to supplement the diet; that contains one or more dietary ingredients (defined as vitamins; minerals; herbs or other botanicals; amino acids; other dietary substances for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or concentrates, constituents, metabolites, extracts, or combinations of any of the aforementioned dietary ingredients) ; that is intended to be taken by mouth as a pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid; and that is labeled on the front panel as being a dietary supplement.
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From page 76... ...
Another advantage is that, unlike other strategies mentioned, dietary supplements do not require major changes in the food supply, food processing, or distribution. Still, in general, the IOM reports have endorsed supplementation with specific nutrients only for situations in which there is clear evidence of potential harm due to dietary inadequacy.
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From page 77... ...
. The premises and thought process that precede the establishment of ULs are being reconsidered; as recently recognized in the IOM workshop summary Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis, experts recognize the need for improved ULs.
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From page 78... ...
In fact, from the data available to the committee, it is not possible to determine whether the current uses of specific minerals or vitamins might be cause for concern. This state of affairs was eloquently and extensively described in the 30th National Nutrient Database Conference Report Progress in Developing Analytical and Label-Based Dietary Supplement Databases at NIH's Office of Dietary Supplements (Dwyer et al., 2007)
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From page 79... ...
For example, the 2006 IOM report Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel stated that the few studies available on mineral intake suggest that military servicemen's dietary intake of some minerals (i.e., magnesium and zinc) might be marginal, but the latter does not provide a clear picture of the mineral and vitamin intake from food among service members (BakerFulco, 2005; personal communication, Carol J
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From page 80... ...
SUMMARY Two IOM committees have recently addressed the nutrient needs of military personnel and highlighted several areas where research is warranted, including mineral losses under high-intensity military situations; iron status and total calcium intake throughout the time served in military service; and potential beneficial effects on performance of supplementation with specific vitamins and minerals, such as iron and zinc, alone or in combination. These two IOM committees demonstrate the lack of information regarding nutrient requirements for specific subpopulations in the military as well as the lack of information on mineral or vitamin deficiencies that might result in health or performance decrements.
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From page 81... ...
Gather data on nutrient composition of rations and on total dietary intake of vitamins and minerals by military personnel. To gather these data, the military should do the following: a.
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From page 82... ...
2007. 30th National Nutrient Database Conference Report: Progress in developing analytical and label-based dietary supplement databases at NIH's Office of Dietary Supplements.
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From page 83... ...
Institute of Medicine Committee on Dietary Supplement Use by Military Personnel meet ing, Washington, DC, February 13.
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