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Glossary
Pages 235-240

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From page 235...
... An individual case may also be broken down into one or more observations, sometimes referred to as within-case observations. Case study: The intensive study of a single case for the purpose of understanding a larger class of similar units (a population of cases)
From page 236...
... Sometimes, randomization occurs across matched pairs or within substrata of the sample (stratified random sampling) , rather than across the entire population.
From page 237...
... Should be based on hypotheses about the factors that drive or inhibit democracy in specific contexts. Strategic appraisals guide USAID's central decisions on how much democracy assistance to allot to specific countries in specific time periods.
From page 238...
... Randomized designs offer the most accuracy and credibility in determining program impacts and therefore should be the first choice, where feasible, for impact evaluation designs. However, such designs are not always feasible or appropriate, and a number of other designs also provide useful information, but with diminishing degrees of confidence, for determining the impact of many different kinds of assistance projects.
From page 239...
... definitions add additional qualifiers such as liberty/freedom, accountability, responsiveness, deliberation, participation, political equality, and social equality. Full democracy: A system of government in which leaders are chosen by open and fair electoral competition and in which all of the political liberties and rights needed to ensure such open and fair competition -- personal security and nondiscrimination, rule of law, accountability of officials, civilian control, and freedom of speech, assembly, and media -- are well institutionalized and protected.
From page 240...
... Partial democracy: A system of government in which leaders are chosen by electoral competition, but such competition is not fully open or fair, and in which many of the political liberties and rights needed to ensure open and fair competition are absent or irregular. Elections are often marked by violence or disorders, elected officials are not fully accountable, and certain groups may be excluded from politics or disadvantaged by state control of media or electoral procedures.


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