Respiratory Diseases Research at NIOSH Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2008) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 15-33
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Preventing occupational respiratory disease has been a key part of the NIOSH research portfolio since the agency's inception in 1970. Early on, NIOSH assumed responsibilities for health screening and research related to coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP)
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16 R e s p i r ato ry D i s e a s e s R e s e a r c h at NIOSH FIGURE 1-1 NIOSH organization chart, 1-1.eps as of October 2006. Source: NIOSH 2006a.
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Additional challenges for NIOSH include the need to protect workers from potential occupational lung diseases due to exposures during national security emergencies, the potential for occupational exposures to weaponized biological agents, the emergence of naturally occurring infectious diseases, and the increased production and incorporation of nanomaterials that pose unknown risks to workers.
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The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 pre scribed a number of research, surveillance, and regulatory-related activities that were later assigned to NIOSH when it was formed by the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1970. Adoption of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 also had an impact on the RDRP mission.
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opens in Morgantown, West Virginia 1976 Division of Respiratory Disease Studies opens within ALOSH 1977 Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 1996 Health Effects Laboratory Division founded 1996 Pittsburgh Research Laboratory and Spokane Research Laboratory added to NIOSH 1996 Education and Information Division created 2000 Division of Applied Research and Technology formed from the Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and the Division of Biological and Behavioral Sciences 2001 National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory founded 2006 Respiratory Diseases Research Program founded Source: NIOSH 2006a. and Information Division, responsible for health communication and coordinating development of recommendation documents; and the Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies (DSHEFS)
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. Seen as a way to better guide and organize research activities in a fiscally constrained environment, NORA identified 21 research priorities grouped into three catego ries: disease and injury, work environment and workforce, and research tools and a pproaches (Table 1-2)
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Source: NIOSH 1996a. Table 1-3 Example of NORA's Matrix Approach to Coordinating Research Allergic and Asthma and Fertility and Sector Irritant Chronic Obstructive Pregnancy Hearing Loss Agriculture Xa X X X Construction X X X Service X X X Mining X X X Manufacturing X X X X Xa = priority research area within a sector.
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The RDRP is one of the cross-sector programs. Each cross-sector program has a steering committee made up of staff from all NIOSH divisions and laboratories as well as the Office of the Director and the Office of Extramural Programs.
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is To provide national and international leadership for the prevention of work-related respiratory diseases, using a scientific approach to gather and synthesize information, create knowledge, provide recommendations, and deliver products and services to those who can effect prevention. FIGURE 1-2 Respiratory Diseases Research Program projects throughout NIOSH (does not include 1-2.eps extramural, communications, research, and technology transfer offices)
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Being "at the table" does not provide assurance to the RDRP or to the committee that appropriate weight is given to funding priorities. According to the evidence package, RDRP's steering committee, with representatives from all divisions, "has been empowered to mold activities in respiratory diseases through its abilities to review and rank competitive intramural funding requests and through its access to the NIOSH Office of the Director." (The committee did not attend or review minutes from steering committee meetings.)
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Table 1-5 shows the funding levels for the RDRP intramural and extra mural funded research for the years 1996-2005. Intramural funding supports staff salaries and benefits as well as goods and services related to staff research activities.
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Because the committee was not asked to review the extra mural program, the committee is not in a position to evaluate the balance between extramural and intramural funding. However, as Table 1-5 shows, the proportion of extramural funding has generally increased with time, from 24% in 1996 to 40% in 2005, the latest year for which complete data are available.
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In conducting the review, the evaluation committee will address the following elements: 1. Assessment of the program's contribution through occupational safety and health research to reductions in workplace hazardous exposures, ill nesses, or injuries through: a.
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evaluation Approach Framework Document and Logic Model The committee evaluated the relevance of RDRP research to improvements in occupational safety and health and the impact that NIOSH research has had in
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At the end of the review of the five strategic goals, the committee then develops a quantitative score for the relevance and impact of External Factors A B Analysis of Review and C Major Program- Strategic Goals and Assessment Review and Area Challenges Objectives Driving of Inputs Assessment Determined by EC Current Program of Activities Planning: surveillance and Assessment of NIOSH intervention data; Surveillance, Independent assessment by EC members to process to select stakeholder inputs; health effect research; compare with NIOSH program goals; production: intra- and intervention research; program area goals evaluation of goals extramural funding; technology transfer selected by NIOSH; staffing; physical activities; comparison with EC facilities; management health services and assessment of challenges structure other research E F Review and D Review and Assessment of Review and Assessment of Intermediate Assessment End Outcomes Outcomes of Outputs Reduced injuries, Public policy impact; Publications, reports, illnesses, risk training/education; databases, tools factors in self-reported use and/or methods, guidelines workplaces repackaging by stakeholders; recommendations implemented Guidelines licences and Patents External Factors FIGURE 1-3 Flowchart for evaluation of the NIOSH research program.
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According to the framework document, the committee's identification of emerging research areas was done using members' expert judgment rather than a formal research needs identification effort. The guidance in the framework document reflects the terminology and orga nization of a logic model adopted by NIOSH to characterize the steps in its work.
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responses to letters sent to NIOSH by the evaluation committee dated November 17, 2006, and December 6, 2006; (4) review of appendix material submitted with the original written documentation and a presentation at the October 26, 2006, meeting of the evaluation committee.
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Chapter 2 presents the committee's review of the NIOSH RDRP and the ratings for the program's relevance and impact in reducing workplace injury and illness. In Chapter 3, the committee reviews the RDRP's mechanisms for identify ing emerging issues in occupational respiratory disease and identifies issues that may warrant future attention.
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Intermediate Outcomes: Related to the program's association with behaviors and changes at individual, group, and organizational levels in the workplace. An assessment of the worth of NIOSH research and its products by outside stakeholders.
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Key Terms
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