Gulf War and Health Updated Literature Review of Depleted Uranium (2008) / Chapter Skim
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6 Clinical End Points of Interest
6 Clinical End Points of Interest
Pages 105-116
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From page 105... ...
. In men, lung and stomach cancers are the most common worldwide; in women, breast, cervical, and lung cancers are the most common (WHO, 2003)
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From page 106... ...
. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women; prostatic cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, and breast cancer in women (ACS, 2007b)
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From page 107... ...
Characterizing leukemia cases gathered retrospectively for epidemiologic studies and integrating the results of studies conducted over several decades are particularly challenging because successive diagnostic criteria, with corresponding groupings and nomenclature, have been used. Individual leukemias may have unique etiologic factors (for example, T-cell leukemia is caused by the retrovirus HTLV-I)
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From page 108... ...
HD has not been associated with family history, diet, or environmental exposure, including exposure to uranium. An estimated 63,190 new cases of and 18,660 deaths from NHL were expected in 2007 in the United States, accounting for about 4.4% of all cancer diagnoses and 3.3% of all cancer deaths (ACS, 2007b)
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From page 109... ...
An estimated 67,160 new cases of and 13,750 deaths from urinary bladder cancer were expected in 2007 in the United States, accounting for about 4.6% of all cancer diagnoses and 2.5% of all cancer deaths (ACS, 2007b)
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From page 110... ...
, and family history. Chronic bladder inflammation due to infections, bladder or kidney stones, and parasites has been associated with bladder cancer.
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From page 111... ...
Known or suspected risk factors include cryptorchidism, family history, some occupational exposures, multiple atypical nevi, HIV infection, race and ethnicity, body size, and maternal hormone use during pregnancy (ACS, 2007h)
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From page 112... ...
over short to medium periods, increases in blood creatinine concentration often indicate diminished GFR and therefore a loss of renal function. A more accurate way of using the creatinine concentration as a measure of renal function is to relate blood creatinine concentration to the quantity of creatinine excreted in the urine over a specified period (typically measured with a 24-hour urine collection)
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From page 113... ...
. The primary risk factor for COPD is smoking; other risk factors include occupational exposure, sex, childhood history of respiratory infections, and family history (ALA, 2007a)
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From page 114... ...
Neurocognitive and neurobehavioral outcomes have been assessed in a group of Gulf War veterans who were exposed to depleted uranium. Birth Defects and Other Adverse Reproductive Outcomes (ICD-10 O00-Q99)
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From page 115... ...
. Adverse reproductive outcomes include abnormal male and female hormone profiles, altered menstrual and ovarian cycles, longer than normal time to pregnancy, abnormal semen characteristics, gynecologic and urologic disorders, and premature reproductive senescence (NRC, 2001)
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From page 116... ...
. California Birth Defects Monitoring Program.
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