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From page 263... ... , 17 Animal studies. See Nonhuman studies Beta particles, 18 Association Bias defining, 75 control of, 82–83 tests of, 81–82 studies vulnerable to, 86 Asthma, 113–114 Biokinetic models of exposure, 25 Atomic Weapons Establishment workers, Biologic plausibility, 80 142 of neurologic effects, 36 Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Biomarkers, 80, 160 Metrics Test Library, 148 Biotransformation, 27 263 Read the entire page →
From page 264... ... See Baltimore Veterans Affairs Central nervous system cancers, 110, 200 Medical Center Chemical effects, of exposure to depleted uranium, 17–20 Chemical toxicity, 19–20 C Chest X-ray testing, 114 Chondrosarcoma, 109 Camp Doha fire, 15, 94–95 Chordoma, 109 Cancer Chromosomal aberrations, 30–31 biological latency of, 80 Chronic bronchitis, 113 causes of, 105 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) , 111 incidence of, 193 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 107 Cancer outcomes, 105–111, 193–203 Chronic myeloid leukemia, 107 bladder cancer, 109–110, 199 Chronic nephritis, 132, 203–204 bone cancer, 108–109, 153, 198 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease brain and other central nervous system (COPD) Read the entire page →
From page 265... ... See End Stage Renal Disease Program Depleted-uranium studies Management and Medical Information Balkans studies, 151–153 System Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, EUROCAT Protocol, 153 15, 143–151 Ewing tumor, 109 cohort descriptions, 143–153 Excretion and retention, 28–29 UK Gulf War studies, 151 Exposure assessment, 77–80, 93–103. See Deposition pattern in the human body, Levels I, II, III especially airways, 89 classifying workers by maximum exposure, Dermal effects, 40 78–79 Developmental studies. Read the entire page →
From page 266... ... See International Agency for Research Monitoring Program on Cancer Friendly-fire incidents, 94 ICP-MS. See Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry Immune system effects, 38–39, 213 G In vitro models, 24 to assess neurologic effects, 33–34 Gamma rays, 18 In vivo models, to assess neurologic effects, Gastric cancer, 110 34–36 Gastrointestinal effects, 36 Inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine absorption of uranium, 26 whether an association exists, 4, 91, Genitourinary diseases, 204 195–202, 207, 209–211, 214–215 Genotoxic effects, 26, 30–31, 147, Inclusion criteria, 88 212 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry tests for, 148 (ICP-MS) Read the entire page →
From page 267... ... , 122, 125, 130, Male genital cancers, 111, 201–202 132, 139 Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 109 National Health and Nutrition Examination Malignant neoplasms, 126 Survey, 111 Mallinckrodt Chemical Workers (MCW) , National Health Interview Survey, 209 131–133, 203, 212 National Health Services Central Register MCW. Read the entire page →
From page 268... ... , 134–135, 142 other health outcomes, 211–214 Peyer's patches, 26, 29 reproductive and developmental effects, Pharmacokinetics, of uranium, 28 210–211 Phosphate-fertilizer production workers, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) , 107–108, 197 134–135 Nonhuman studies, 23–24, 29–30 Physicochemical properties, differences in, 89 Nonmalignant renal disease, 111–112, 203–208 Pleura, cancer of, 138 conclusion, 207–208 Pneumoconiosis, 113, 123 morbidity, 204–207 Pneumonia, 113 mortality, 203–204 Poisson regression analysis, 128–129 Nonmalignant respiratory disease, 113–114, Portsmouth Uranium Enrichment facility 122–123, 208–209 workers, 133–134 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 14 Prevalence odds ratios, 86–87 No-threshold model, linear, 21 Prospective cohort studies, 85 Nuclear-fuels fabrication workers, 135–136 Prostatic cancer, 106, 111, 142, 201–202 Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 140 PubMed, 73 Null hypotheses, 81–82 Read the entire page →
From page 269... ... , 109 cause-specific, 135 Renal disease, 157 Statistical inference, 81–84 Renal dysfunction, evaluating, 80 coexposures, 83–84 Renal effects, 31–32 control of bias, 82–83 Renal toxicants, 19–20 the p value, 82 Reproductive and developmental studies, tests of association, 81–82 37–38, 145, 210–211 type I and type II, 82 multigenerational, 39 Stomach cancer, 110, 134, 200–201 Residential studies, 100, 153–157 Structure-activity relationships, 23 Respiratory effects, 31 Study populations, 76–77 neoplasms, 129 comparison-group issues, 77 Reticulosarcoma, 123 relevance to veteran populations, 76 Retrospective case-control studies, 133 Sufficient evidence of a causal relationship, Retrospective cohort studies, 83, 85, 135, 140, 4, 90 151 Sufficient evidence of an association, Review of Toxicologic and Radiologic Risks to 4, 91 Military Personnel from Exposure to Summary, 1–5, 214–215 Depleted Uranium During and After of findings in the section on depleted Combat, 16, 24, 208 uranium in Gulf War and Health, Risk estimates, 20–21 Volume 1, 9 of radiation, 19 Swedish Armed Forces, 151 Risk ratios (RRs) , 84, 131, 136–138, 141, 155, Swedish Cancer Registry, 152 198 Swedish Rescue Services Agency, 151–152 Risk transfer, 89 Synergism, 83–84, 89 Read the entire page →
From page 270... ... , especially airways, 89 157 differences in physicochemical properties, Thyroid diseases, 157 89 Toxicity studies, 29–41 radiological vs chemical mechanisms of application of the toxicologic data, toxicity, 89 41–66 rationale for not including, 88–90 carcinogenic effects, 29–30 Uranium-processing cohorts, 118–143 cardiovascular effects, 39 Atomic Weapons Establishment workers, dermal effects, 40 142 gastrointestinal effects, 36 Colorado Plateau uranium-mill workers, genotoxic effects, 30–31 119–123 hematologic effects, 41 Egyptian processors, 142–143 hepatotoxicity, 36–37 Fernald Feed Materials Production Center immune system effects, 38–39 workers, 123–126 musculoskeletal effects, 40–41 Mallinckrodt Chemical Workers, 131–132 neurologic effects, 32–36 nuclear-fuels fabrication workers, 135–136 ocular effects, 40 Oak Ridge nuclear facilities workers, renal effects, 31–32 126–131 reproductive and developmental effects, phosphate-fertilizer production workers, 37–38 134–135 respiratory effects, 31 Portsmouth Uranium Enrichment facility as secondary information sources, 42 workers, 133–134 summary of previous report, 24 Rocketdyne/Atomics International workers, Toxicokinetics, 25–29. See also Mechanisms 139–141 of toxicity Savannah River Plant workers, 141–142 absorption, 25–27 United Kingdom processors, 136–137 distribution issues, 27–28 workers at four uranium-processing excretion and retention, 28–29 operations, 133 transport and biotransformation, 27 US Army, 2, 14, 16, 24, 208 Toxicology, 23–72 US Congress, 1 Toxicology Literature Online (TOXLINE) Read the entire page →
From page 271... ... , 145, 147, 209 Ventilation, in tanks, 16, 93 Work history, using to model cumulative Veteran populations exposure, 78 applicability of study results to, 76 World Health Organization (WHO) , 90, 105, Veterans Programs Enhancement Act, 1, 7 145, 210 WRAT-3. Read the entire page →

From page 263...

... , 17 Animal studies. See Nonhuman studies Beta particles, 18 Association Bias defining, 75 control of, 82–83 tests of, 81–82 studies vulnerable to, 86 Asthma, 113–114 Biokinetic models of exposure, 25 Atomic Weapons Establishment workers, Biologic plausibility, 80 142 of neurologic effects, 36 Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Biomarkers, 80, 160 Metrics Test Library, 148 Biotransformation, 27 263

Read the entire page →

From page 264...

... See Baltimore Veterans Affairs Central nervous system cancers, 110, 200 Medical Center Chemical effects, of exposure to depleted uranium, 17–20 Chemical toxicity, 19–20 C Chest X-ray testing, 114 Chondrosarcoma, 109 Camp Doha fire, 15, 94–95 Chordoma, 109 Cancer Chromosomal aberrations, 30–31 biological latency of, 80 Chronic bronchitis, 113 causes of, 105 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) , 111 incidence of, 193 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 107 Cancer outcomes, 105–111, 193–203 Chronic myeloid leukemia, 107 bladder cancer, 109–110, 199 Chronic nephritis, 132, 203–204 bone cancer, 108–109, 153, 198 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease brain and other central nervous system (COPD)

Read the entire page →

From page 265...

... See End Stage Renal Disease Program Depleted-uranium studies Management and Medical Information Balkans studies, 151–153 System Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, EUROCAT Protocol, 153 15, 143–151 Ewing tumor, 109 cohort descriptions, 143–153 Excretion and retention, 28–29 UK Gulf War studies, 151 Exposure assessment, 77–80, 93–103. See Deposition pattern in the human body, Levels I, II, III especially airways, 89 classifying workers by maximum exposure, Dermal effects, 40 78–79 Developmental studies.

Read the entire page →

From page 266...

... See International Agency for Research Monitoring Program on Cancer Friendly-fire incidents, 94 ICP-MS. See Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry Immune system effects, 38–39, 213 G In vitro models, 24 to assess neurologic effects, 33–34 Gamma rays, 18 In vivo models, to assess neurologic effects, Gastric cancer, 110 34–36 Gastrointestinal effects, 36 Inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine absorption of uranium, 26 whether an association exists, 4, 91, Genitourinary diseases, 204 195–202, 207, 209–211, 214–215 Genotoxic effects, 26, 30–31, 147, Inclusion criteria, 88 212 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry tests for, 148 (ICP-MS)

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From page 267...

... , 122, 125, 130, Male genital cancers, 111, 201–202 132, 139 Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 109 National Health and Nutrition Examination Malignant neoplasms, 126 Survey, 111 Mallinckrodt Chemical Workers (MCW) , National Health Interview Survey, 209 131–133, 203, 212 National Health Services Central Register MCW.

Read the entire page →

From page 268...

... , 134–135, 142 other health outcomes, 211–214 Peyer's patches, 26, 29 reproductive and developmental effects, Pharmacokinetics, of uranium, 28 210–211 Phosphate-fertilizer production workers, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) , 107–108, 197 134–135 Nonhuman studies, 23–24, 29–30 Physicochemical properties, differences in, 89 Nonmalignant renal disease, 111–112, 203–208 Pleura, cancer of, 138 conclusion, 207–208 Pneumoconiosis, 113, 123 morbidity, 204–207 Pneumonia, 113 mortality, 203–204 Poisson regression analysis, 128–129 Nonmalignant respiratory disease, 113–114, Portsmouth Uranium Enrichment facility 122–123, 208–209 workers, 133–134 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 14 Prevalence odds ratios, 86–87 No-threshold model, linear, 21 Prospective cohort studies, 85 Nuclear-fuels fabrication workers, 135–136 Prostatic cancer, 106, 111, 142, 201–202 Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 140 PubMed, 73 Null hypotheses, 81–82

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From page 269...

... , 109 cause-specific, 135 Renal disease, 157 Statistical inference, 81–84 Renal dysfunction, evaluating, 80 coexposures, 83–84 Renal effects, 31–32 control of bias, 82–83 Renal toxicants, 19–20 the p value, 82 Reproductive and developmental studies, tests of association, 81–82 37–38, 145, 210–211 type I and type II, 82 multigenerational, 39 Stomach cancer, 110, 134, 200–201 Residential studies, 100, 153–157 Structure-activity relationships, 23 Respiratory effects, 31 Study populations, 76–77 neoplasms, 129 comparison-group issues, 77 Reticulosarcoma, 123 relevance to veteran populations, 76 Retrospective case-control studies, 133 Sufficient evidence of a causal relationship, Retrospective cohort studies, 83, 85, 135, 140, 4, 90 151 Sufficient evidence of an association, Review of Toxicologic and Radiologic Risks to 4, 91 Military Personnel from Exposure to Summary, 1–5, 214–215 Depleted Uranium During and After of findings in the section on depleted Combat, 16, 24, 208 uranium in Gulf War and Health, Risk estimates, 20–21 Volume 1, 9 of radiation, 19 Swedish Armed Forces, 151 Risk ratios (RRs) , 84, 131, 136–138, 141, 155, Swedish Cancer Registry, 152 198 Swedish Rescue Services Agency, 151–152 Risk transfer, 89 Synergism, 83–84, 89

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From page 270...

... , especially airways, 89 157 differences in physicochemical properties, Thyroid diseases, 157 89 Toxicity studies, 29–41 radiological vs chemical mechanisms of application of the toxicologic data, toxicity, 89 41–66 rationale for not including, 88–90 carcinogenic effects, 29–30 Uranium-processing cohorts, 118–143 cardiovascular effects, 39 Atomic Weapons Establishment workers, dermal effects, 40 142 gastrointestinal effects, 36 Colorado Plateau uranium-mill workers, genotoxic effects, 30–31 119–123 hematologic effects, 41 Egyptian processors, 142–143 hepatotoxicity, 36–37 Fernald Feed Materials Production Center immune system effects, 38–39 workers, 123–126 musculoskeletal effects, 40–41 Mallinckrodt Chemical Workers, 131–132 neurologic effects, 32–36 nuclear-fuels fabrication workers, 135–136 ocular effects, 40 Oak Ridge nuclear facilities workers, renal effects, 31–32 126–131 reproductive and developmental effects, phosphate-fertilizer production workers, 37–38 134–135 respiratory effects, 31 Portsmouth Uranium Enrichment facility as secondary information sources, 42 workers, 133–134 summary of previous report, 24 Rocketdyne/Atomics International workers, Toxicokinetics, 25–29. See also Mechanisms 139–141 of toxicity Savannah River Plant workers, 141–142 absorption, 25–27 United Kingdom processors, 136–137 distribution issues, 27–28 workers at four uranium-processing excretion and retention, 28–29 operations, 133 transport and biotransformation, 27 US Army, 2, 14, 16, 24, 208 Toxicology, 23–72 US Congress, 1 Toxicology Literature Online (TOXLINE)

Read the entire page →

From page 271...

... , 145, 147, 209 Ventilation, in tanks, 16, 93 Work history, using to model cumulative Veteran populations exposure, 78 applicability of study results to, 76 World Health Organization (WHO) , 90, 105, Veterans Programs Enhancement Act, 1, 7 145, 210 WRAT-3.

Read the entire page →

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Index Pages 263-272

Index
Pages 263-272