Gulf War and Health Updated Literature Review of Depleted Uranium (2008) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
5 Exposure Assessment
5 Exposure Assessment
Pages 93-104
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 93... ...
. Substantial amounts of aerosol can be generated when a depleted-uranium penetrator strikes military vehicles, such as Abrams tanks and Bradley vehicles.
|
From page 94... ...
They typically entered vehicles well after the initial suspended aerosol had dissipated or settled onto interior surfaces. They may have inhaled depleteduranium residues that were resuspended by their physical activities, ingested depleted uranium through hand-to-mouth transfer, or spread contamination on their clothing.
|
From page 95... ...
Without confirmed information on ventilation, estimation of exposure should be based on the cautious assumption of no ventilation. All three reports mentioned above -- the Capstone report, the Sandia report, and the Royal Society report -- were based on an estimation approach, so they are all subject to considerable uncertainties in intake estimates and due to parameters chosen for modeling.
|
From page 96... ...
Each report provided an effective dose based on a period of 50 years after exposure. The predicted increase in lifetime risk of death from lung cancer from level I exposure is about 0.1% in the Royal Society and Sandia reports and 0.06-0.3% in the Capstone report.
|
From page 97... ...
In addition to inhalation intake, depleted-uranium shrapnel wounds constitute a potential exposure route for those involved in level I exposure scenarios. In the Gulf War, 6 Abrams tanks and 15 Bradley vehicles were involved in friendlyfire incidents.
|
From page 98... ...
Excess lifetime lungcancer risks are 0.2-0.4% in the Capstone and Sandia reports and 2.4% in the Royal Society report. Level III Exposures Level III exposures can result from briefly entering a contaminated vehicle, from exposure to plumes downwind of penetrator impacts, and from exposure to resuspended soil.
|
From page 99... ...
. TABLE 5-3 Comparison of Level III Exposure Estimates and Risk Capstone Sandia Royal Society (Maximum)
|
From page 100... ...
The Sandia report estimates an excess lifetime risk of fatal lung cancer of 0.035% in children who play for 300 hours in and 700 hours outside a depleted-uranium–contaminated vehicle. Exposure-Monitoring Methods Occupational exposure and environmental exposure to depleted uranium as used in the military are the primary subjects of this report.
|
From page 101... ...
reported a geometric mean urinary uranium excretion of 9 ng/L in a sample of about 5,000 people across the United States; 95% of the population had concentrations below 46 ng/L. Studies of nonoccupationally exposed persons have shown uranium concentrations in the general population of 11-22 ng/L (Dang et al., 1992; Medley et al., 1994; Ting et al., 1999)
|
From page 102... ...
2005. Ura nium analysis in urine by inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry.
|
From page 103... ...
2005. Prediction of renal concentrations of depleted uranium and radiation dose in Gulf War veterans with embedded shrapnel.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.