Diet and Health Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk (1989) / Chapter Skim
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20 Hypertension
20 Hypertension
Pages 549-562
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From page 549... ...
Since borderline hypertension as well as isolated systolic hypertension (i.e., elevation of SBP without a concomitant increase in DBP) have been found to increase risk of cardiovascular diseases, a new classification has been promoted by the Third Joint National Committee (JNC ITI)
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From page 550... ...
EVIDENCE ASSOCIATING DIETARY FACTORS WITH HYPERTENSION Human Studies The relationships among body mass, obesity, and hypertension have been extensively examined in human populations (see Chapter 21~. In virtually every epidemiologic study of blood pressure throughout the world, investigators have found strong correlations between body mass and blood pressure and between obesity and hypertension.
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From page 551... ...
There is as yet, however, no certain method for identifying susceptible people or for ascertaining how many of them become hypertensive as a result of excessive salt intake. Dietary salt modification can be more effectively targeted when reliable genetic markers for identifying salt-sensitive people at increased risk for hypertension are identified.
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From page 552... ...
, but the relative contribution of protein deficiency to this effect cannot be readily determined. Likewise, although epidemiologic studies have shown blood pressure levels (independent of age and weight)
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From page 553... ...
These data suggest that both sodium and chloride are necessary to produce hypertension in these animal models, but more studies on the effects of different salts are needed. A number of animal studies indicate that calcium supplementation can lower blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (Ayachi, 1973; Kageyama et al., 1986; Lau er al., 1984; McCarron et al., 1981, 1985)
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From page 554... ...
Evidence for the role of other nutrients, psychosocial stress, and other influences is weaker and less consistent. Studies in humans have provided strong evidence of similar blood pressures among twins, siblings, and other first-degree relatives (Feinleib et al., 1975; Miller and Grim, 1983; Zinner et al., 1971~.
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From page 555... ...
In one randomized trial of sodium intake and blood pressure during the first 6 months of life, infants who consumed a tow-salt for}nula approximating the salt content of human breast milk (365 me of sodium chloride per liter) had an SBP slightly lower than in those on normal formula (1,100 mg of sodium chloride per liter)
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From page 556... ...
1979. Increased dietary calcium lowers blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
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From page 557... ...
1977. Cardiovascular control in the Milan strain of spontaneously hypertensive rat (MHS)
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From page 558... ...
1984. Evidence for an intestinal mechanism in hypercalciuria of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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From page 559... ...
1963. Development of a strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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From page 560... ...
1985. Potassium reduces cerebral hemorrhage and death rate in hypertensive rats, even when blood pressure is not lowered.
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From page 561... ...
1987. Dietary sodium intake and age in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects on blood pressure and sympathetic activiry.
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