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4 Genetics and Nutrition
Pages 85-98

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From page 85...
... APPLICABILITY TO NUTRITION Assessments of human nutrition are not complete without consideration of the underlying ge 85 netic variability, which may be reflected as differences in nutritional processes such as absorption, metabolism, receptor action, and excretion (Velazquez and Bourges, 1984~. Inbom differences in the activity of enzymes and other functional proteins contribute to variations in nutritional requirements and tO the differential interaction of certain nutrients with genetically determined biochemical and metabolic factors.
From page 86...
... These rare genetic disorders affecting enzymes and receptors illustrate how a severe genetic defect may lead to malnutrition or specific damage to a given organ system. They can serve as models for the study of milder but more common genetic variations in their effect on nutrition.
From page 87...
... However, because identical twins are likely to select similar environments, ideal studies attempt to assess identical twins reared apart. Since such twin pairs are not found frequently, snaky sizes are necessarily small (Vogel and MotuIsky, 1986; see also Chapter 7~.
From page 88...
... hypertension in genetically predisposed persons who migrate from a primitive environment tO a more weseemized one (Page, 19791; and (3) gastrointestinal distress after moderate milk consumption by many people with genetically determined lactase insufficiency (see section on Lactose Malabsorpeion, below)
From page 89...
... Populations of African origin in the United States have a higher mean blood pressure and a higher frequency of hypertension than those of European origin. Recently discovered differences between black and white hypertensive populations include the absence of elevated red-cell sodium/lithium countemansport in Blackman finding that is common among white hypenensives.
From page 90...
... Additional studies examining biologic parents and siblings have shown a variable genetic and genetic-environmental contribution (Bouchard, 1988~. Nevertheless, taken together, the results of such studies suggest that multifactorial polygenic factors play a role in human obesity.
From page 91...
... It as likely, however, that some of the genes involved in monogenie animal obesity may play some role in human obesity. Information on the nature of the genes involved in animal obesity will allow direct testing of the involvement of similar genes in humans by using techniques of molecular genetics.
From page 92...
... are caused by the toxic effects of excessive iron stores in many organs following increased iron absorption over many years. Nonspecific symptoms such as weakness and fatigue are frequent.
From page 93...
... Serum cholesterol at all levels has been correlated with CHD frequency, but approximately 40% of all coronary events occur in the population with the highest 25% of cholesterol levels, including many genetic hyperlipidemias (see Chapter 7~. Many coronary events could be prevented if the entire population would reduce its cholesterol levels by decreasing saturated fat intake.
From page 94...
... Heterozygotes, or carriers, of these inborn errors are much more common in He population. The possible role of He cairiers~te in DIET AND HEALTH causing clinically manifest disease during periods of stress, infection and maInutniion, for example, requires more study.
From page 95...
... · Leam how various ions (e.g., those of sodium, potassium, and chlorines affect blood pressure and the role of genetic variation. ~ Study why blacks have a higher frequency of high blood pressure, i.e., the role of genetic-envi , .
From page 96...
... 1986. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and mortality: implications for a cohort of 361,662 men.
From page 97...
... 1986b. A twin study of human obesity.


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