Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies A Focus on Hydrogen (2008) / Chapter Skim
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3 Hydrogen Technology
3 Hydrogen Technology
Pages 31-43
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From page 31... ...
The long-term vision of the hydrogen production and estimated cost data for key technologies. The cost of the supply infrastructure is to produce large amounts of hydrohydrogen fuel cell and onboard hydrogen storage system on gen from domestic resources with low WTW CO2 emissions the HFCV will be critical to its competitiveness with alter- and deliver this to customers at a cost that is competitive native vehicle technologies described in Chapter 4.
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From page 32... ...
Midtransition vehicle owners -- supplied mainly by gen from current industrial hydrogen gas suppliers or from on-site production at full-size refueling stations excess hydrogen production at some refineries and chemical 3. Late transition to self-sustaining hydrogen transporta- plants directly to the filling station where it is stored, much as tion system -- supplied mainly in large central production in today's gasoline station.
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From page 33... ...
They HFCV the number could be influenced by future carbon policy or may be willing to either sell hydrogen to the general public or to other government actions aimed at increasing hydrogen demand provide land to a fuel supplier at their dealer site. It would be a in order to reduce hydrogen cost especially at the beginning of selling point, especially in the early stages of the transition, be the transition.
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In a fully developed hydrogen Natural gas reforming 2.60 3.30 economy, delivery and dispensing of hydrogen could cost as Electrolysis 5.60 7.20 much as its production and consume significant energy. NOTE: Production plant is 1,500 kg/d; natural gas costs $6.10/MBtu; elec The first central hydrogen production plants could be tricity costs $0.08/kWh (see Chapter 6 for other assumptions)
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distributed natural gas reforming, (2) distributed water electrolysis, (3)
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to $5.00/kg hydrogen in California at 74 percent electro Significant progress has been made in developing distrib- lyzer efficiency. At a design hydrogen production rate of uted natural gas reforming such that it could be ready for 1,500 kg/d and an average industrial electricity cost of 8.0 commercial use in the early transition years (2015 or earlier)
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. Table 3.2 summarizes hydrogen it is likely that a significant number of HFCVs using natural plant gate production costs for the key central production gas will increase natural gas demand enough to affect natural technologies.
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It differs from able sites must be determined that could support such a large previous generations of electric cars in that the power is plant and still have acceptable delivered biomass cost and provided by a hydrogen fuel cell on an as-needed basis. delivered hydrogen cost with limited land use issues.
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One the other hand, all major automotive manufacturers have seen of the benefits of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership enough progress that, as a group, they are spending billions (FCFP) is that all of the known areas that require further of dollars to bring fuel cell vehicles to high-volume producdevelopment for HFCV commercialization are included with tion.
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developer's assessment is that a commercially viable fuel cell The committee concludes that the current state of fuel system would be available in 2010, if a production rate of cell development does not yet meet all of the performance 500,000 units per year could be realized" (p.
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Solid hydrogen storage systems that are made up of a The figure shows just inside the rectangle the areas in which low-pressure tank filled with a solid storage material with a R&D is being performed, and the goals are on the perimeter thermal management system have the potential to be small of the 10-sided figure (e.g., keeping evaporation losses to and lightweight, which aids in overall weight savings and less than 25 percent per month for the infrequent driver)
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toward a commercially hydrogen storage tanks that consume more space and add to viable hydrogen fuel cell vehicle due to the concentrated vehicle weight while research progresses toward a commer- efforts of private companies and governments around the cially viable solid hydrogen storage material. world.
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2007. Hydrogen from Biomass Gasification: Cost Analysis tion to the committee, June 25.
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