Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership (2008) / Chapter Skim
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4 HEAVY-DUTY HYBRID VEHICLES
4 HEAVY-DUTY HYBRID VEHICLES
Pages 56-69
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From page 56... ...
The motors can also act as generators or development in the DOE budget for 21CTP activities was as hydraulic pumps in the case of hydraulic systems to pro reduced to zero in both FY2007 and FY2008. The only vide regenerative braking force that recovers energy to help remaining research projects on heavy hybrid propulsion recharge the system batteries or as accumulators respectively. systems are two congressionally directed activities (DOE, In series hybrid architectures, all of the mechanical power 2006b)
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From page 57... ...
were encouraged by the • Energy storage system cost Administration to focus more on component technologies • Demonstrated ability to meet heavy-duty 2007 emis- and less on vehicle/system technologies." sion standards The timetable for hybrid truck development is very brief • Demonstrate 60 percent improvement in fuel economy, (truncated beyond 2007) as a result of the decision to termi compared to current production heavy duty vehicles.
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From page 58... ...
Fig 4-1, bitmapped The Heavy Hybrid Propulsion Network Chart (Figure 4-1) Demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of a heavy-hybrid for the heavy-duty hybrid truck program provided in the vehicle within a specific period (typically, the objective is FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technology (FCVT)
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From page 59... ...
. clear that significantly more progress is required in the area of cost reduction in order to achieve dollar-per-kilowatt val Goal 2: Develop an Energy Storage System ues that would make hybrid powertrains attractive to buyers with 15 Years of Design Life that Prioritizes of heavy-duty trucks in the absence of direct subsidies or High Power rather than High Energy, and appropriately targeted tax credits.10 Costs no more than $25/kW Peak Electric One notable exception to the cautious pronouncements Power Rating, by 2012 about the cost of heavy-duty hybrid truck technology was the more optimistic outlook articulated by representatives of Current State of Electrical Storage Technology for Eaton Corp.
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From page 60... ...
and researchers are focusing on hybrid powertrains based PHEVs have battery energy storage characteristics that on diesel-electric architectures that require batteries with can have more in common with either typical EV or HEV high power capability to assist in vehicle acceleration, rapid requirements, dependent on whether the PHEV powertrain charging, and efficient recovery of braking energy. design is dominated by the electric motor or by the internal combustion engine.
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From page 61... ...
A popular way to reach the higher power capacity required for heavy-duty truck applications is to The stated 2010 FreedomCAR research goals associated over-size the battery. For light-duty hybrid vehicles there are with energy storage (Table 4-2)
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From page 62... ...
The progress in energy storage system power density, but signifiachievement of this goal opens the door for energy storage cant cost, durability and safety issues exist. packs with peak power ratings higher than 25 kW.
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From page 63... ...
Practical production vehicle systems must trade off the associated costs of system with both high Energy Storage Funding energy density and high power density. However due to the high factor of fuel in the operational cost of heavy-duty The annual energy storage funding under the DOE Freedomvehicles, the use of ultracapacitors may prove to be cost CAR budget has been fairly stable (~$17 million)
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From page 64... ...
The Roadmap stated goal is to develop an energy storage system with 15 years of design life that prioritizes high power Recommendation 4-4. Metrics should be standardized or rather than high energy, and costs no more than $25/kW peak modified to enable more accurate comparisons across differelectric power rating by 2012. It is difficult to extrapolate the ent battery technologies for transportation use.
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From page 65... ...
The limitations imposed by existing 16Susan Rogers, U.S. Department of Energy, "Heavy Hybrid Propulsion procedures for certifying truck engines make it difficult to Overview," Presentation to the committee, February 8, 2007, Washington, D.C.; Arthur McGrew, Allison Transmission, General Motors Corporation, fairly evaluate the full benefits of heavy-duty hybrid trucks, "AH2PS: Motor & Power Electronics Development," Presentation to the committee, February 8, 2007, Washington, D.C.; Kevin Beaty, Eaton Corp., and V.K.
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From page 66... ...
This is noteworthy in view of the major impact that engine In summary, there is an acknowledged risk that heavy- performance characteristics have on the achievable fuel duty truck hybrid propulsion technology will not be success- economy and emissions of heavy hybrid trucks and buses. fully commercialized on a broad scale without continuing Progress toward the successful development of hybrid coordinated governmental support at both the federal and truck technology would benefit from improved coordinastate levels.
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From page 67... ...
A very similar problem has procedures for heavy-duty hybrid trucks has been a deterrent afflicted the wind power industry because of the series of to their commercialization. Although the U.S Energy Policy expirations and renewals of tax incentives in that industry, Act of 2005 provided direct tax credits for hybrid trucks that creating a "feast-or-famine" market environment (Pellerin, deliver improved fuel economy, there was no practical way 2005)
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From page 68... ...
Since tax credits for hybrid trucks ization for heavy-duty Class 8 long-haul trucks.27 However, established in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 expire at the there is no indication that any documented study is yet availend of 2009, and there are not established engineering test able in the public literature to prove that opportunities for procedures, DOE should work with EPA and stakeholders to significant fuel economy/emissions improvements in hybrid accelerate the development of fuel economy and emissions Class 8 long-haul trucks really exist. certification procedures for heavy-duty hybrid vehicles so that the actual benefits of hybridization can be recognized Finding 4-9.
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From page 69... ...
2006. Hybrid Truck Users Forum, HTUF Utility Work Accessed May 13, 2008.
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