On Several Issues in the Space Life Sciences Letter Report (1993) / Chapter Skim
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the use of research animals on Spacelab Life Sciences-2, (2) peer review of research proposals and programs, (3)
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The Committee on Space Biology and Medicine recommends that all NASA-sponsored extramural and intramural life sciences research proposals and programs be subject to external peer review conducted at regular intervals. Further, in order to guard against a real or perceived conflict of interest, NASA Headquarters should regularly review the policy and management practices applied to extramural research programs by intramural contract and grant administrators and monitors.
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For NASA's life sciences program, and specifically the SLS 2 flight scheduled for August 1993, the use of research animals is critical to the scientific success of the mission. Some of the rodents must be sacrificed in space.1 The Committee on Space Biology and Medicine agrees that this experimental protocol is well justified, for the following reasons: One of the most powerful tools available for the study of physiological processes in space and the development of measures to counter the effects of microgravity is animal research.2,3 Marked advances in biology, physiology, and medicine have been made possible through careful, scientific study of animals in the laboratory.4 The physiological consequences of exposure to microgravity have not yet been separated from those due to reentry forces because, in previous missions, tissue samples were collected only after return to Earth.5-7 In contrast, SLS-2 will, for the first time, offer the unique opportunity to collect tissue samples in the microgravity environment according to the same procedures used in ground-based studies and will allow for direct comparison of the tissue samples collected in both environments.
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A rigorous peer review process is essential to ensure high-quality research projects and programs. In particular, the committee recommends that: Peer review of intramural research programs should take place at regular intervals.
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ATTACHMENT C Optimizing the Scientific Benefits of the U.S./Russian Shuttle/Mir Program The Committee on Space Biology and Medicine recognizes that the U.S./Russian Shuttle/Mir Program was initiated primarily to demonstrate international cooperation and that the program has specific engineering goals. It further recognizes that life sciences activities performed as a part of this program face severe time constraints.12 Within this context, the committee offers the following comments and recommendations with the goal of maximizing scientific achievements in the life sciences for both countries.
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Up to this point, NASA has sponsored U.S. scientists' use of Cosmos satellites for research, an activity cited as a major factor in the progress made in life sciences research over the last 5 years.
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participation in the biosatellite program, the Committee on Space Biology and Medicine recommends that: NASA should formally evaluate the relative benefits and cost effectiveness of different platforms for animal research in space. Depending on the outcome of this analysis, NASA should consider providing research support in the 1995 life sciences budget for the biosatellite project.
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7A Strategy for Space Biology and Medical Science for the 1980s and 1990s, Committee on Space Biology and Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1987, and Assessment of Programs in Space Biology and Medicine -- 1991, Committee on Space Biology and Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1991. 8"1993Report of the Panel on Euthanasia," Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol.
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