Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants (2009) / Chapter Skim
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3 Current Status of Explosive Destruction Technologies
3 Current Status of Explosive Destruction Technologies
Pages 29-54
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From page 29... ...
was used for the noncontaminated rocket motors at Blue Grass is at Kanda Port in Japan between April and November also described. The chapter concludes with a discussion 2006 to destroy 659 World War II-era bombs filled of regulatory approval and permitting issues and other with a lewisite/mustard agent mix (Yellow bombs)
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From page 30... ...
However, the vendor " DAVINCH detonation system -- recent improvements and path forward," presentation to the committee, May 28, 2008. Harley Heaton, Vice President for Research, UXB International, Personal communication between Brint Bixler, Vice President, Inc., "Dynasafe static detonation chamber (SDC)
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From page 31... ...
The stream at the outlet enters the atmosphere Additional Experience Since Early 2006 without further treatment. The conclusions presented The TDC vendor, CH2M HILL, has gained some in the report were as follows: additional operating experience since the text of the 2006 International Technologies report was finalized.
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From page 32... ...
of earlier Porton Down testing that were not known when the NRC International Technologies report was prepared (NRC, 2006; DiBerardo et al., 2007)
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From page 33... ...
The operations proceeded fairly smoothly. The CH2M HILL, and Richard Ayen, committee chair, May 12, 2008.
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From page 34... ...
Richard Ayen, committee chair, Margaret Novack, NRC, study 11Limits on the maximum size of detonations are set by the director, and Harrison Pannella, NRC, senior program officer, DDESB. Physical strain measurements on the walls of the chamber August 18, 2008.
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From page 35... ...
12Brint Bixler, Vice President, CH2M HILL, "Destruction of chemical weapons using CH2M HILL's transportable detonation chamber," presentation to the committee, May 8, 2008. 15Personal communication between Brint Bixler, Vice President, 13Personal communication between Brint Bixler, Vice President, CH2M HILL, and Richard Ayen, committee chair, August 29, CH2M HILL, and Richard Ayen, committee chair, July 23, 2008.
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From page 36... ...
Reliability remains essentially the same as described in the 2006 NRC International Technologies report (NRC, 2006, • Replacement of the detonator initiation system pp.
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From page 37... ...
in the • The pumpable emulsion of explosives that previ- DAVINCH vessel, the technology provider, Kobe Steel, ously had been injected into boxed munitions has Ltd., states that there is no need to use the cold plasma been replaced by aluminized emulsion explosives oxidizer for additional agent destruction; however, it in flexible tubes that are strapped onto the muni- reports removal of remaining traces of residual mustard tion bodies. The placement of these tubes around agent HD in the offgas of more than 99.99 percent in the munition, the number of tubes used, and the the cold plasma oxidizer (Katayama and Ueda, 2006; quantity of explosive charge depend on the muni- Asahina et al., 2007)
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From page 38... ...
The and as shown in Figure 3-2 in this report, this has been moved downstream from the cold plasma unit and is 21Personal communication between Joseph Asahina, Chief of now called the offgas retention tank. The offgas feed Technology, Kobe Steel, Ltd., and Margaret Novack, NRC, study rate to the cold plasma unit in Belgium is 28 m3/hr and director, July 23, 2008.
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From page 39... ...
1,2 M Monitoring point Waste pit FIGURE 3-2 Process flow diagram for DAVINCH. SOURCE: Joseph Asahina, Chief of Technology, Kobe Steel, Ltd., Ryusuke Kitamura, Kobe Steel, Ltd., and Koichi Hayashi, Kobe Steel, Ltd., "DAVINCH detonation system -- Recent improvements and path forward," presentation to the committee, May 28, 2008.
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From page 40... ...
TABLE 3-5 Munition Destruction by DAVINCH at Poelkapelle, Belgium, through July 14, 2008 Munition Size (All Clark Fill) Description of Procedure 7.7 cm Shell 10.5 cm Shell 15 cm Shell 21 cm Shell Shot configuration Two packs, 3 rounds/pack Two packs, 3 rounds/pack One/shot One/shot Explosive loading, kg TNT-equivalent NEW 14.3 20.9 19.6 21.3 Number destroyed in acceptance testing, 102 48 17 10 January-February 2008 Number of shots, acceptance testing 17 8 17 10 Average number/shot, acceptance testing 6 6 1 1 Shots/day, acceptance testing 3 3 2.5 2.5 Total number destroyed as of July 14, 2008 102 486 26 25 SOURCES: Beerens et al., 2008; Joseph Asahina, Chief of Technology, Kobe Steel, Ltd., Ryusuke Kitamura, Kobe Steel, Ltd., and Koichi Hayashi, Kobe Steel, Ltd., "DAVINCH detonation system -- Recent improvements and path forward," presentation to the committee, May 28, 2008; personal communication between Joseph Asahina, Chief of Technology, Kobe Steel, Ltd., and the committee, July 23, 2008.
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From page 41... ...
These future applications may operations. require modifying the DAVINCH process -- for exam In addition to operations involving the destruction ple, changing the method of placing donor charges of munitions containing chemical agent, a DV60 was around these items, using shaped charges to access the used to destroy a simulated M55 rocket containing concrete-encased munitions, modifying the inner ves3 kg of dimethyl methylphosphonate as a surrogate for sel, and, possibly, modifying the cold plasma oxidizer the nerve agent sarin (GB)
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From page 42... ...
Over 13,000 items were destroyed with no • Fine-particle filter; safety incidents while operating two shifts per day, five • Activated carbon baghouse filter with Sorbalite days a week. By 2007, Germany had completed all of for removal of mercury and other metals; the chemical munitions destruction required of it by the • Ammonia injection system for nitrogen oxides Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons removal; and under the pre-1945 requirements of the CWC.
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From page 43... ...
If the Dynasafe SDC2000 is used to destroy chemical weapons in Kentucky or To demonstrate that the Dynasafe SDC2000 could be Colorado, the salts will be hazardous wastes because considered for use at BGCAPP, a test plan was develthey will be listed wastes in those states. Since the oped and testing was conducted at the GEKA plant in rocket motors contain 2 percent lead stearate, the salts Münster and at the Structo facilities in Kristinehamn, resulting from their processing might be hazardous Sweden (UXB International, 2007)
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From page 44... ...
chamber) , with DEs ranging from 99.99481 percent The vendor has stated that if future testing or calcula- to 99.99508 percent at Sampling Port 1 (before the tions show that the issue is real, one solution is to make secondary combustion chamber)
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From page 45... ...
Activated carbon/ CaCO3 Baghouse Water additive Fuel oil Propane HCl NaOH Primary air Spent additive Offgas from secondary DeNOx combustion chamber preheater ID fan Quench NH3 Acid Caustic Neutral scrubber scrubber scrubber Sampling port 2 Wastewater FIGURE 3-4b Dynasafe SDC2000 flow diagram showing sampling ports (continued)
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From page 46... ...
Because the EDS-2 was not fully described long were made. The tubes were as long as the cylindri- in the 2006 International Technologies report, the follow cal cases of the rocket motors plus the closed fins (the ing section has more detail than the preceding sections uncut tubes)
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From page 47... ...
It is fabricated ing an unpacked munition, detonating shaped charges from a 316 stainless steel forging and the door is fabri- to cut open the munition and destroy its energetics, cated from a separate forging. The vessel is designed to destroying chemical agent with neutralizing chemicals, contain hundreds of detonations with explosive ratings and cleanup/maintenance.
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From page 48... ...
The linear shaped charges are used to EDS-2 vessel is rinsed, cleaned, and inspected. This explosively cut open the chemical munition and access includes inspection of the sealing surface and the its contents for chemical treatment.
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From page 49... ...
. Typically, a day is required to load a set of 2004-2006 Dover Air Force 9 HD 75-mm projectiles chemical munitions into an EDS unit, detonate the Base shaped charges, inject and heat the neutralizing reagent, agitate the chamber to mix the reagent and residual 2005 Aberdeen Proving 8 cylinders (7 AC, 1 CK)
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From page 50... ...
RCRA insists that a technology must demonstrate that General it will be sufficiently protective of human health and The primary environmental regulations that apply to the environment42 and has stringent requirements for the treatment of chemical munitions include the National public involvement in the permitting process. Also, Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
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From page 51... ...
Much less secondary waste will be produced by the 44Personal communication between Harley Heaton, Vice Presi TDC than by the planned neutralization of the bulk of dent for Research, UXB International, Inc., and Richard Ayen, the chemical weapons at both BGCAPP and PCAPP. In committee chair, August 3, 2008.
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From page 52... ...
Dynasafe SDC With the addition of cold plasma for thermal treatment of the offgas, the system achieves a DRE in excess of The Dynasafe system destroys most of the agent and 99.999999 percent. Because of the offgas treatment explosives in the chemical munitions by deflagration system, the DAVINCH would need to be added to the or detonation and subsequent heating of the munitions existing Title V CAA permit held by both BGCAPP in an electrically heated containment vessel.
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From page 53... ...
However, if of the Dynasafe system will be much smaller than the the Dynasafe system employs secondary combustion amount of waste produced by the planned neutralization technology, a hold-test-release capability becomes of the bulk of the chemical weapons at both BGCAPP more important for public interest groups.
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From page 54... ...
. Although the EDS produces large amounts of Presented at the 10th International Chemical Weapons Demilitarisation secondary wastes (primarily the 8 to 10 gallons of Conference in Brussels, Belgium, May.
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