Tackling Marine Debris in the 21st Century (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Selected Literature on Quantities and Impacts of Marine Debris
Appendix C: Selected Literature on Quantities and Impacts of Marine Debris
Pages 165-188
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, they were summa rized by the topmost treatment variable to derive means and ranges. Only those studies reporting debris impact (Tables IV and V)
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. Region Legend: NA = North Atlantic; SA = South Atlantic, NP = North Pacific; WP = Western Pacific; SP = South Pacific; IO = Indian; CAR = Caribbean; MED = Mediterranean.
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APPENDIX C 167 Weight (range) Source g • km–1 219,000 (122,000–255,000)
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Region Legend: NA = North Atlantic; SA = South Atlantic, NP = North Pacific; SP = South Pacific; MED = Mediterranean.
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APPENDIX C 169 Number of Items Weight (range) (range)
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Region Legend: NA = North Atlantic; SA = South Atlantic, NP = North Pacific; MED = Mediterranean.
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APPENDIX C 171 Weight (range) Debris (g • km–2)
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172 TACKLING MARINE DEBRIS IN THE 21ST CENTURY TABLE IV Marine Debris Ingestion Common Name Species Region Green Turtle Chelonia mydas NA, USA Green Turtle Chelonia mydas NA, Gulf of Mexico Green Turtle Chelonia mydas SA, S Brazil Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata CAR, Costa Rica Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea NA, Peru Loggerhead Turtle Carreta caretta NA, Gulf of Mexico Loggerhead Turtle Carreta caretta MED, Central Loggerhead Turtle Carreta carreta NA, USA–Florida Loggerhead Turtle Carreta carreta NA, NE Spain Grey-Headed Albatross Diomedea chrysostoma SA, Southern Ocean Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans SA, Southern Ocean Laysan Albatross Diomedea immutabilis NP, INWR Laysan Albatross Diomedea immutabilis NP, Midway Sooty Albatross Phoebetria fusca SA, Southern Ocean Yellow-Nosed Albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos SA, Southern Ocean Giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus SA, Argentina Giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus SA, Southern Ocean Northern Giant Petrel Macronectes halli SA, Southern Ocean Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis ARC, Canada Cape Petrel Daption capense SP, Antarctic Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis NA, E USA Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis NA, North Sea Southern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides SP, Antarctic Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea SA, Southern Ocean Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea SP, Antarctic Antarctic Petrel Thalassoica antartica SA, Southern Ocean Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea SA, Southern Ocean Thin-Billed Prion Pachyptila belcheri SA, Southern Ocean Antarctic Prion Pachyptila desolata SA, Southern Ocean Salvin's Prion Pachyptila salvini SA, Southern Ocean Broad-Billed Prion Pachyptila vittata SA, Gough Island Broad-Billed Prion Pachyptila vittata SA, Southern Ocean Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulwerii Tropical Pacific White-Chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis SA, Southern Ocean Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea NA, E USA Great Shearwater Puffinus gravis NA, E USA Great Shearwater Puffinus gravis SA, Southern Ocean
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36 u Mallory et al., 2006 1984–1987 capture (30) 33 van Franeker, 1985a 1975–1989 capture (44)
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174 TACKLING MARINE DEBRIS IN THE 21ST CENTURY TABLE IV Continued Common Name Species Region Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus SA, Southern Ocean Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus Tropical Pacific Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus NP, US and Canada Wedge-Tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus NP, Midway Wedge-Tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus Tropical Pacific Short-Tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris NP, Bering Sea Audubon Shearwater Puffinus therminieri NA, E USA Kerguelen Petrel Pterodroma brevirostris SA, Southern Ocean Cook's Petrel Pterodroma cookii SP, New Zealand Juan Fernandez Petrel Pterodroma externa Tropical Pacific Black-Capped Petrel Pterodroma hasitata NA, E USA Herald Petrel Pterodroma heraldica SP, Pitcairn Island White-Winged Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera Tropical Pacific Stejneger's Petrel Pterodroma longisrostris Tropical Pacific Kermadec Petrel Pterodroma neglecta SP, Pitcairn Island Black-Winged Petrel Pterodroma nigripennis Tropical Pacific Tahiti Petrel Pterodroma rostrata Tropical Pacific Murphy's Petrel Pterodroma ultima SP, Pitcairn Island Storm Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus NA, Scotland Fork-Tailed Storm Petrel Oceanodroma furcata NP, Alaska Leach's Storm Petrel Oceanodroma leucoroha Tropical Pacific Leach's Storm Petrel Oceanodroma leucoroha NP, Alaska Wilson's Storm Petrel Oceanodroma oceanicus NA, E USA Wedge-Rumped Storm Petrel Oceanodroma tethys Tropical Pacific White-Faced Storm Petrel Pelagodroma marina SA, Southern Ocean Common Diving Petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix SA, Southern Ocean Crested Auklet Aethia crustatella NP, Alaska Parakeet Auklet Aethia psittacula NP, Alaska Whiskered Auklet Aethia pygmaea NP, Alaska Cassin's Auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus NP, Alaska Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus NP, Alaska Ancient Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus NP, Alaska Pigeon Guillemot Cepphus columba NP, Alaska Common Guillemot Uria aalge NP, Alaska Thick-Billed Guillemot Uria lomvia NP, Alaska
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APPENDIX C 175 Study Prevalence Debris Period Sampling (N)
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Materials Legend: b = plastic bags; c = cloth; f = foamed plastic; m = metal; n = fishing net; p = packing plastic straps; r = rope/string/filament; t = plastic pellets; u = user plastics. Region Legend: NA = North Atlantic; SA = South Atlantic, NP = North Pacific; SP = South Pacific; CAR = Caribbean; ARC = Arctic.
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APPENDIX C 177 Study Prevalence Debris Period Sampling (N)
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Materials Legend: n = nets; p = packing plastic straps; r = rope/string/monofilament. Region Legend: SA = South Atlantic; NP = North Pacific; SP = South Pacific; SI = South Indian.
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APPENDIX C 179 Entanglement (percentage of Temporal population) Debris Type Trend Source 0.02–0.06 n, p, r – Hofmeyr et al., 2006 0.4–1.0 n, p, r Croxall et al., 1990 0.01–0.15 n, p, r + Hofmeyr and Bester, 2002 1.3–1.9 n, p, r Pemberton et al., 1992 0.11–0.66 n, p, r 0 Shaughnessy, 1980 0.6–2.84 n, p, r +/– Boren et al., 2006 0.4–0.9 n, p, r + Page et al., 2004 0–0.11 p + Stewart and Yochem, 1987 0.7 n, p, r + Henderson, 2001 0.4–0.78 + Donohue and Foley, 2007 0.001 r Campagna et al., 2007 0.17–0.2 n, p, r – Stewart and Yochem, 1987 0.2–1.3 n, p, r + Page et al., 2004 0.21–0.59 n, r + Zavala-González and Mellink, 1997 3.9–7.9 n, p, r Harcourt et al., 1994 0.08–0.14 n, p, r + Stewart and Yochem, 1987
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Region Legend: NA = North Atlantic; NP = North Pacific; MED = Mediterranean. aGear half-life and life were calculated as when the catch reached 50 percent and 5 percent of peak fishing capacity, respectively.
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Region Legend: NA = North Atlantic; NP = North Pacific; NWHI = Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
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2003. Marine debris accumulation in the nearshore marine habitat of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi 1999–2001.
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2003. Marine debris ingestion by southern giant petrels and its potential relationships with fisheries in the southern Atlantic Ocean.
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2001. A pre- and post-MARPOL Annex V summary of Hawaiian monk seal entanglements and marine debris accumulation in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, 1982–1998.
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2004. Entanglement of Australian sea lions and New Zealand fur seals in lost fishing gear and other marine debris before and after government and industry attempts to reduce the problem.
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2002. Marine debris ingestion in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, from the Western Mediterranean.
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Marine Pollution Bulletin 34:469-478. Witherington, B.E.
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