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1 Introduction
Pages 17-26

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From page 17...
... This interplay between global and local dimensions of marine debris is an important attribute of the problem and its solutions. For the purposes of this report, marine debris is defined as "any persistent, manufactured, or processed solid material that is directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, disposed of or abandoned into the marine environment." This definition necessarily excludes natural   The term "plastics" is used to encompass the wide range of synthetic polymeric ­materials that are characterized by their deformability and can thus be molded into a variety of three-dimensional shapes, including a variety of common materials such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, nylon, and polycarbonate (National Research Council, 1994)
From page 18...
... Navy combatant surface vessels; passenger cruise ships; research vessels; and miscellaneous vessels (National Research Council, 1995a)
From page 19...
... in the [western] Gulf of Mexico" (National Research Council, 1995a)
From page 20...
... . NRC first examined the problem of marine debris in the general context of ocean pollutants (National Research Council, 1975)
From page 21...
... In 1995, NRC released Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans: Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea (National Research Council, 1995a) , which included comprehensive recommendations to improve marine debris management.
From page 22...
... and the enactment of MDRPRA establish a good foundation for support­ ing more effective programs to reduce the amount and impact of marine debris from both ocean- and land-based sources. However, similar rec­ ommendations have been made before (e.g., Shomura and Godfrey, 1990; National Research Council, 1995a, 1996a; Coe and Rogers, 1997)
From page 23...
... B. A review and assessment of technologies, strategies, and management prac­ tices for further reducing the impact of marine debris, including derelict fishing gear. As part of this review, the committee will examine the International Mari­ time Organization's Guidelines for the Implementation of Annex V of MARPOL [International Maritime Organization, 2006b]
From page 24...
... REPORT ORGANIZATION Several previous and ongoing studies, particularly the 1995 NRC report (National Research Council, 1995a) , have highlighted areas for improvement in national and international response to the marine debris problem.
From page 25...
... The committee gathered a great deal of additional information that was relevant, but not central, to the study charge. Appendix C is a sum­ mary of selected data and literature on the quantities and impacts of marine debris, and Appendix D includes a list of parties to both MARPOL Annex V and members of one or more international fishing agreements.


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