Tackling Marine Debris in the 21st Century (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Summary
Summary
Pages 1-16
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Derelict fishing gear (DFG) and other debris are known to entangle and injure or kill marine organisms.
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B. A review and assessment of technologies, strategies, and management prac tices for further reducing the impact of marine debris, including derelict fishing gear. As part of this review, the committee will examine the International Mari time Organization's Guidelines for the Implementation of Annex V of MARPOL and recommend additional federal or international actions that could be taken to further reduce debris and its impacts.
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information and metrics with which to assess the effectiveness of current measures or efficiently direct future efforts; (3) port reception facilities for shoreside disposal; and (4)
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In addition, the U.S. delegation should request that IMO review the Guidelines for the Implementation of Annex V of MARPOL and, where transferrable, amend MARPOL Annex V to include waste minimization and source reduction concepts from the Guidelines into mandatory requirements for vessels, such as within garbage management plan requirements.
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Zero discharge, source reduction, and waste minimization practices have been implemented in industrial settings ashore for a number of years. Some vessels have successfully adopted zero or mini mal discharge practices based on these successful shoreside models.
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This research plan should direct future federal funding of a suite of marine debris studies that, when taken together, will provide a comprehensive characterization of the marine debris problem. Additional studies are needed to assess the effec tiveness of measures to prevent and reduce marine debris and to provide useful guidance to managers and decision makers for debris mitigation.
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The lack of understanding of vessel waste streams and the inadequacy of port reception facilities to accept and properly manage vessel waste is a serious impediment to the prevention and reduction of
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delegation to IMO should advocate that MARPOL Annex V be amended to include explicit qualitative and quantitative standards for adequate port reception facilities, and that IMO provide assistance to achieve these standards. Port managers and users should be included in the development of clearer stan dards.
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Current regulations do not include accountability measures for gear loss, and fishermen and fisheries management organizations have few incentives and several disincentives to take responsibility for the impacts and for cleanup. Inadequate port facilities and high disposal costs are an impediment to the proper disposal of waste gear and DFG.
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delegation should exercise its influence in the correspondence group and on IMO's Marine Environment Pro tection Committee to amend MARPOL Annex V to provide explicit definitions of "accidental losses" and "reasonable precautions" with respect to synthetic fishing nets; require placards, garbage manage ment plans, and record books for all commercial, artisanal, and sport fishing charter vessels to the extent practicable; and require additional practices that minimize the probability of loss and maximize the prob ability of recovery of fishing gear from the ocean (page 102)
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Recommendation: Congress should add a national standard to M SFCMA that fishery conservation and management measures shall be designed to minimize the risk of gear loss. NOAA should estab lish a timetable for review of all existing FMPs for opportunities to reduce fishing-related marine debris, including reducing gear, minimizing gear loss, and minimizing impacts of lost gear, and to improve gear marking and recovery.
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Replacement of plastic components and synthetic ropes and webbing used to construct FADs with readily degradable materials such as natural fibers would lessen the adverse impacts of FADs that become marine debris. Recommendation: The United States should take a leadership role by requiring that its own purse seine fleet submit a FAD management plan, encouraging RFMOs to adopt requirements for FAD manage ment plans, and using port state jurisdiction in its territories to limit access to vessels flying the flag of countries that fail to require their vessels have a FAD management plan.
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NOAA, the U.S. Department of State, international fisheries management organizations, and other relevant organizations should engage in technology transfer and capacity building with nations from which DFG components originate to improve implementation of MARPOL Annex V in fisheries; encourage best practices to reduce gear loss, support recycling of used fishing gear, and promote retrieval of snagged or lost gear; and facilitate the participation of representa tives from nations from which DFG components originate in DFG survey and removal efforts (page 92)
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Recommendation: The actual ability to receive used fishing gear and DFG should be incorporated into minimum standards in the assessment criteria for USCG COAs for port reception facilities.
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Progress will also require sustained funding and institutional support for the prevention and removal of marine debris. Even though the marine debris problem is international in scope, much could be done at the national, regional, state, and local levels.
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