Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications (2009) / Chapter Skim
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3 Training and Learning
3 Training and Learning
Pages 23-35
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From page 23... ...
With repeated sampling, the Evaluating the Efficiency of Training subject learns the relative values of the two locations and Regimes and Learning Paradigms shapes his behavior to maximize his reward. Although human Neuroscience offers new ways to assess how well cur- subjects show idiosyncratic behavior under this training rent training paradigms and accepted assumptions about regime, the learning models are now well enough developed learning achieve their objectives.
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From page 24... ...
The second school develops signal-processing on training methods for high-performance athletes: perforalgorithms, computational models, to analyze the growing mance evaluation/assessment of athletes in training, includvolumes of data collected in neuroscience experiments. In ing under stress; social interaction with other athletes; and these computational models, adaptation to new informa- i ssues with performance anxiety and other psychological tion is represented as changes in one or more parameters.
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From page 25... ...
This variability is evidenced by the fact that experimental psychologists tended to downplay individual a growing number of neurosurgeons painstakingly map out differences in their theories of human cognition, educators individual brains just prior to surgery, after a portion of the have consistently reminded psychologists of the need to patient's skull has been removed but while the patient is still understand individual differences in cognition and perfor- conscious and responsive. mance (Mayer, 2003)
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From page 26... ...
. Theoretically, these regions are individual differences in brain activity can be used to improve spatially normalized in fMRI analyses using sophisticated understanding of the optimal brain activity that underlies, for a lgorithms so that brain regions are consistent across sub- example, optimal performance on the battlefield or in other jects, but some differences have been shown to exist even demanding environments and task contexts.
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From page 27... ...
is crucial to designing which neuroscience approaches may be useful in assessing and administering countermeasures. (Chapter 5 discusses in changes in the performance efficiency of individual soldiers more detail some countermeasures to stressors that degrade that are due to the stresses of extreme environments and com- soldiers' cognitive performance.)
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From page 28... ...
ability or fitness for this high-value assignment. The last-mentioned capability will enable the identifica- At present, the Army has low washout rates even for BoX 3-1 Predicting Future Behavior in extreme environments Imaging techniques could be used to detect individuals who are at high risk for experiencing deterioration of performance on future Army missions.
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There are now measuring how this approach affects unit performance. specialized selection tests for helicopter pilots, improvised explosive device (IED)
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ANAM test sets can also be selected psychological correlates of the personality and cognitive to obtain a clinical assessment of medical disorders such as traits characteristic of highly successful helicopter pilots Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease. would greatly improve its value as a screening instrument.
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From page 31... ...
Studies in social neuroscience draw heavily on while studying the brain processes associated with indifindings from affective neuroscience, as many studies have vidual goals. When the group in question is an Army unit shown that social behaviors have a strong affective (emo- or a surrogate for one, this approach can provide an objectional)
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From page 32... ...
. of leaders under stress can be studied with the methods of A large number of studies have allowed brain processes social neuroscience as can the impact of a specific leader's related to ToM attributions to be localized to specific corcharacteristics on the performance of those he or she leads.
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From page 33... ...
can be links. Social neuroscience methods and insights can help to used to measure the training status of individual soldiers.
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2002. Extensive DE9D25}&AKey={3A7DC0B9-D787-44AA-BD08-FA7BB2FE9004} individual differences in brain activations associated with episodic &SKey={75963B82-6391-4C70-8E91-F80E73368F20}.
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From page 35... ...
: 464-476. individual differences in gray matter density associated with age and Young, L., F
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