Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications (2009) / Chapter Skim
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4 Optimizing Decision Making
4 Optimizing Decision Making
Pages 36-44
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From page 36... ...
se. Because we now know that human decision making is At present, the Army neither seeks to measure, in a predictably suboptimal in many situations, the Army must formal way, deviations from optimal or efficient decision decide whether to optimize the force along this human making nor attempts to characterize the stable individual dimension or ignore an emerging opportunity.
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From page 37... ...
must be silent on notions of optimality with regard to risk tolerance. Of course it may be that individuals Loss Aversion in Decision Making who are more risk averse are better suited for peacekeeping missions and individuals who are more risk tolerant are better Another factor that leads to seriously suboptimal decisuited for frontline combat missions, but different tolerances sion making is the asymmetry with which human decision for risk, from the point of view of optimality theory, simply makers typically weigh risky losses versus risky gains (see represent different approaches.
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From page 38... ...
The issue is whether traits of individuals as decision makers. These tools fall adopting more formal techniques based on the results of under the broad categories of behavioral testing, psychoresearch in neuroeconomics, neuropsychology, and other physiological assessment, neurophysiological monitoring, neuroscience disciplines can give the Army an advantage in and genetic analysis.
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From page 39... ...
For the far term, its potential value for Army applications related to decision making will depend on the increase in Emotional Reactivity in Decision Making understanding it provides relative to other techniques (e.g., the conventional personality inventories or the improved The personality inventories discussed above use sub tools described in Chapter 3) and on its cost.
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A large Moreover, the Implicit Association Test can be used to and stable set of beliefs is essential for intelligent behavior, a ssess the strength of evaluative associations in the domain since such a belief set forms the basis for any actions that a of beliefs (Gawronski, 2002)
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From page 41... ...
. Thus, lap between ToM and attentional reorienting suggests the the dorsolateral and ventromedial PFC may have important need for new accounts of right TPJ function that integrate regulatory functions in moderating belief intensity and the across these disparate task comparisons (Mitchell, 2008)
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From page 42... ...
often make decisions based on their previous experiences. • Research on belief-based decision making supports These experiences can be based on actual combat, combat the idea that a few distributed brain systems are training (for example, at the Joint Readiness Training Center, responsible for processing beliefs that contribute to the Combined Maneuver Training Center, or the National selecting appropriate or inappropriate actions.
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From page 43... ...
Several ongoing attempts to individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. formulate computational versions of the RPD model are Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74(6)
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From page 44... ...
2008. The neural basis of belief encoding and inte Exploring performance differences across varying types of military gration in moral judgment.
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