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Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-7

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From page 1...
... The information gathered by the teams is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and compu- organized into chapters on training and learning, optimizing tational neuroscience, have resulted in instrumentation and decision making, sustaining soldier performance, improving techniques that can better assess the neural basis of cogni- cognitive and behavioral performance, neuroscience technoltion and allow the visualization of brain processes.
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From page 2...
... Technology Opportunity ME RE Time Framea Commercial Academic Field-deployable biomarkers of neural state x x Ongoing L M In-helmet EEG for brain–machine interface x x Medium term M L Signal processing and multimodal data fusion, including imaging x x Ongoing M H modalities such as MRI, fMRI, DTI, DSI, PET, and MEG and physiological measures such as heartbeat, interbeat intervals, GSR, optical computer recognition, eye tracking, and pupilometry. Soldier models and biomarkers for sleep x Ongoing M M Vertical fMRI x Medium term L L Fatigue prediction models x Medium term L M Behavioral measures of fatigue x Medium term M L Prospective biomarkers for predictive measures of soldier response to x x Medium term L L environmental stress, including hypoxic and thermal challenges NIRS/DOT x x Medium term L L Biomedical standards and models for head impact protection, including x x Medium term M M torso protection from blast Threat assessment augmentation x Medium term M M fMRI paradigms of military interest x Ongoing L M NOTE: ME, mission-enabling; RE, research-enabling; L/M/H, low, medium, or high; EEG, electroencephalography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; DTI, diffuse tensor imaging; DSI, diffusion spectrum imaging; PET, positron emission tomography; MEG, magnetoencephalography; NIRS, near-infrared spectroscopy; DOT, diffuse optical tomography; GSR, galvanic skin response.
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From page 3...
... Technology Opportunity ME RE Time Framea Commercial Academic Brain–computer interface system (direct) x Far term H H Imaging cognition x Far term L H Neuropharmacological technology x Far term M M Advanced fMRI data collection x Medium term M M Averaging methodology for fMRI x Medium term L M Brain database aggregation x Far term M M Default mode networks x x Medium term L H Inverse MRI x Medium term L M Low-field MRI x x Far term L M Uses of TMS for brain network inhibition x Far term L M Safety of multiple exposures to TMS x Medium term M M In-helmet TMS deployment x Far term L L Connectomics x Far term L M Atomic magnetometers x x Far term M M NOTE: ME, mission-enabling; RE, research-enabling; L/M/H, low, medium, or high; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; and TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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From page 4...
... An important lesson from neuroscience is that the abil- Sleep is an active process that plays a fundamental role ity to sustain and improve performance can be increased by in cognitive functions such as consolidating memory and identifying differences in individual soldiers and using indi- promoting synaptic plasticity. Prolonged sleep deprivation vidual variability to gauge optimum performance baselines, interferes with these functions and can thus adversely affect responses to performance-degrading stressors, and responses performance.
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From page 5...
... Nevertheless, the growing recognition that sidered, particularly before a neuro­pharmaceutical is widely minimal to moderate brain traumas have chronic effects has administered for sustaining or enhancing performance in long-term implications for future care requirements and mission-critical tasks without specific medical indication to asso­ciated costs. Neuroscience research into immediate care justify its use.
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From page 6...
... Additionally, The committee identified and assessed cutting-edge and the committee also identified four important trends in neuro­ high-payoff technology opportunities, emphasizing their science research: potential value for Army applications. Technologies were categorized as mission-enabling (directly enabling Army mis- • Discovering and validating biomarkers for neural sion areas)
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From page 7...
... tures play in the individual variability observed in cognition, Nonetheless, the Army should stay abreast of what is hap- memory, learning behaviors, resilience to stressors, and pening in these areas and have mechanisms in place to decision-making strategies and styles. Individual differences leverage the research results and adapt new technology for among soldiers have consequences for many Army applicaArmy applications.
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Key Terms

  • individual variability
  • army applications
  • neuroscience research
  • soldier performance
  • future army

  • resonance imaging
  • army research
  • behavioral performance
  • technology opportunities
  • technology opportunity

  • functional magnetic
  • time framea
  • development opportunities
  • stress disorders
  • risk factors

  • neuroscience technology
  • army investment
  • army operations
  • nonmilitary neuroscience
  • individual soldiers

  • performance deficits
  • enhancing performance
  • enhance performance
  • optimum performance
  • unit performance

  • sustaining soldier
  • military applications
  • performance degradation
  • transcranial magnetic
  • magnetic stimulation


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