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Cleaning Up Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Materials International Workshop Proceedings (2009) / Chapter Skim
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24 Areas of the Russian Federation Affected by Radiation Contamination Due to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident--S. M. Vakulovsky, T. S. Borodina, A. A. Volokitin, V. M. Kim, G. I. Petrenko, E. G. Tertyshnik, A. D. Uvarov, and V. N. Yakhryushin
Pages 191-197

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From page 191...
... Table 24-1 presents a 1998 forecast of expected changes in the contamination level over time due to radioactive decay. As the table indicates, by 2006 the contaminated land area totaled 31,120 km2 -- that is, it had been reduced in size by one-half during the 20 years since the accident. All population centers located in areas with cesium-137 contamination levels of more than 1 Ci/km2 (37 kBq/m2)
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From page 192...
... , while near this town there is an area with substantially higher levels of soil contamination. Figure 24-2 shows that the level of atmospheric fallout declined by two orders of magnitude in the 5 years following 1986, changed insignificantly from 1991 through 2001, and subsequently fell to five times less by 2005.
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From page 193...
... TABLE 24-2  Numbers of Population Centers in the Russian Federation by Level of Cesium-137 Contamination on an Oblast or Autonomous Republic Basis (Conditions as of January 2006) <1 Ci/km2 1-5 Ci/km2 5-15 Ci/km2 15-40 Ci/km2 >40 Ci/km2 Oblast or Total Autonomous Population Total Population Population Population Population Population Republic Centers Samples Centers Sample Centers Sample Centers Sample Centers Sample Centers Sample Bashkortostan 16 65 16 65 Belgorod 550 3,597 419 3,007 131 590 Bryansk 2,007 25,419 1,313 11,589 428 4,676 212 6,764 51 2,301 3 747 Volgograd 5 24 4 17 1 5 Voronezh 1,208 9,636 1,136 8,901 72 735 Kaluga 591 5,952 325 2,250 242 3,220 24 400 Kursk 1,111 6,719 984 5,616 127 1,103 Leningrad 159 1,732 122 1,335 37 430 Lipetsk 214 1,607 170 1,281 44 375 Mary El 25 72 25 72 Mordovia 390 1,459 373 1,358 17 98 Moscow 9 49 9 49 Nizhny 148 742 148 742 Novgorod Novgorod 85 492 85 492 Oryol 1,596 11,850 1,001 7,201 594 4,640 1 9 Penza 202 1,483 180 1,335 22 119 Rostov 2 10 2 10 Ryazan 579 7,365 405 5,871 174 2,493 Saratov 11 41 11 41 Smolensk 89 513 89 513 Tambov 123 961 121 935 2 26 Tula 2,391 19,005 1,340 7,943 995 9,855 56 1,207 Ulyanovsk 131 559 130 552 1 4 Chuvashia 34 89 34 33 TOTAL 11,676 105,904 8,442 61,208 2,887 28,369 293 8,380 51 2,301 3 747 193
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From page 194...
... 194 CLEANING UP SITES CONTAMINATED WITH RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS TABLE 24-3  Year When Last Population Center in Each Area Listed in Table 24-2 Will Shift from One Cesium-137 Contamination Category to the Next Lower Oblast or Autonomous Republic 1-5 Ci/km2 5-15 Ci/km2 15-40 Ci/km2 >40 Ci/km2 Belgorod 2048 Bryansk 2180 2110 2063 2020 Volgograd 2020 Voronezh 2044 Kaluga 2100 2030 Kursk 2050 Leningrad 2044 Lipetsk 2039 Mordovia 2040 Oryol 2077 2007 Penza 2050 Ryazan 2054 Tambov 2007 Tula 2109 2039 Ulyanovsk 2011 TOTAL 2180 2110 2063 2020 10.0 1.0 10 -5 Bq/m 3 0.1 0.0 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 Years FIGURE 24-1  Changes in average annual cesium-137 activity by volume in the air over Figure 24-1.eps the city of Bryansk since the Chernobyl accident.
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From page 195...
... AREAS AFFECTED BY RADIATION CONTAMINATION 195 10000 Measured fallout, Bq/m 2 1000 100 10 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Year FIGURE 24-2  Annual cesium-137 fallout at Krasnaya Gora settlement. Figure 24-2.eps 12000 Measured concentration, Bq/m2 11000 10000 9000 8000 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Year FIGURE 24-3  Cesium-137 concentrations in the soil in Krasnaya Gora settlement.
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From page 196...
... are two to three orders of magnitude below the level of intervention established by RSN-99. However, contamination levels in water in closed reservoirs located near those population centers (Lake Kozhanovskoye and Lake Svyatoye na Besedi)
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From page 197...
... AREAS AFFECTED BY RADIATION CONTAMINATION 197 Lake Svyatoye Lake Kozhanovskoye Cs, Bq/L 37 Date FIGURE 24-4  Cesium-137 concentration in lakes Svyatoye and Kozhanovskoye. Figure 24-4.eps Partial bitmap image - Low resolution TABLE 24-5  Specific Cesium-137 Activity Levels in Fish, 1998-1999 Specific Activity, Cs-137 Bioconcentration Fish Length, cm Body of Water kBq/kg dry weight Factor in Fish, L/kg Perch 5 Zalomenye 0.6 1,600 Carp 10 Yalovka 0.3 400 Carp 21-23 Vereshchaki 0.3 400 Carp 21-26 Karyer 0.1-0.3 300-900 Carp 25-30 Kozhanovskoye 5.2-9.5 1,100-2,100 Carp 20-36 Kozhanovskoye 6.1-10.0 1,300-2,200 Ruffe 10 Karyer 0.13 400 Northern pike 66 Karyer 0.7 2,200 Northern pike 17-43 Kozhanovskoye 5.5-12.4 1,200-2,700 Roach 10-15 Kozhanovskoye 2-5.8 400-1,300 Roach 22 Kozhanovskoye 6 1,300
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Key Terms

  • population centers
  • contamination levels
  • radioactive contamination
  • power plant
  • chernobyl nuclear

  • bryansk oblast
  • population center
  • krasnaya gora
  • russian federation
  • rural settlement

  • autonomous republic
  • expected changes
  • atmospheric fallout
  • chernobyl accident
  • rural settlements

  • radioactive decay
  • lake svyatoye
  • fish exceeded
  • sizes ranging
  • term population

  • contamination level
  • time due
  • russian region
  • soil contamination
  • total land

  • allowable level
  • radiation contamination
  • plant accident
  • closed reservoirs
  • magnitude below


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