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8 Systems Studies of the Radiation Legacy and the Development of the Informational, Legal, and Regulatory Framework for Post-Rehabilitation Institutional Control, Oversight, and Management of Radiation-Hazard Facilities in the Russian Federation--S. N. Brykin, O. G. Lebedev, V. K. Popov, and D. A. Serezhnikov
Pages 43-50

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From page 43...
... A Serezhnikov, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Technology As a result of military and civilian nuclear programs during the past 60 years, several countries, particularly the former Soviet Union (or USSR)
From page 44...
... involved in the radiation legacy of the former USSR: • Nuclear power plants • Shore-based waste repositories, enterprises servicing nuclear power facilities, sunken and submerged objects • Scientific research institutes, pilot plants, research nuclear reactors, and nuclear research centers • Nuclear explosions for nuclear weapons testing purposes • Nuclear explosions for civilian purposes • Storage and reprocessing of nonreactor radioactive wastes and spent ionizing radiation sources • Prospecting, mining, enrichment, and reprocessing of uranium ores • Hexafluoride production and isotopic enrichment of uranium • Nuclear fuel manufacturing • Radiochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel • Production of nuclear materials • Major radiation accidents • Power-producing reactor facilities For each research field, there are screen interface forms with data on the enterprises, organizations, or sites (more than 120 total) , each with its own unique
From page 45...
... TABLE 8-1  Example of the Facility and Site Classification System in the RADLEG Accessible Database 0100 Test sites for underground leaching experiments 0200 Near-surface underground radioactive waste repositories 0300 Deep burial sites for the storage of liquid radioactive wastes 0400 Nuclear reactors and critical stands 0500 Nuclear explosions 0600 Atmospheric emissions 0700 Discharges into water systems 0800 Contaminated lands 0900 Submerged radioactive objects In addition to the categories "Enterprises" and "Facilities," the user interface also includes "Events" and "Accidents." The "Events" category includes information on the submerging of vessels or other objects, nuclear explosions, contaminated lands, and emissions and discharges of radioactive substances. The "Accidents" category includes data on emergency situations and their consequences.
From page 46...
... The results of the RADINFO project (www.radinfo.org.ru) included the creation of a metadatabase on radiation-hazard facilities and sites in the former USSR; regional geographic information cadastres on radiation sources and radiation contamination in two regions, northwestern Russia and Krasnoyarsk Krai; local geographic information systems (on civilian nuclear explosions, radioecological impacts of nuclear power plants, and so forth)
From page 47...
... Significant areas in the Russian Federation were subjected to radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in April 1986 and the associated release of a large quantity of radionuclides. Despite the unavoidably subjective nature of efforts to establish demarcation lines in the region to define which areas should be considered radiation-contaminated territory, under accepted practice this area's boundary has been set as the isoline within which initial cesium-137 contamination density is on the order of 37 kBq/m 2 (1 Ci/km2)
From page 48...
... . All told, 81 underground nuclear explosions were set off for economic purposes in the Russian Federation from 1965 through 1988 as part of the program Nuclear Explosions for the Economy.
From page 49...
... Experience gained in rehabilitating areas at the Russian Research Center -- Kurchatov Institute, located in the midst of a residential area in northwestern Moscow, and at the Moscow Polymetals Plant merits special attention. In many cases, rehabilitating sites to the extent that radionuclide concentrations are reduced to natural background levels, thus allowing them to be used afterwards without restriction or constant monitoring, is impossible for several reasons (technical limitations, economic expedience, worker health considerations, safety problems, prevention
From page 50...
... Long-term post-rehabilitation oversight entails a differential approach to organizing systems of measures to manage and monitor sites after restoration work is completed, including establishing administrative responsibility, a legal regime, environmental monitoring systems, and safety measures. The legal framework for this sort of activity in the Russian Federation has yet to be clearly defined; therefore, a top priority task is to analyze the Russian Federation's existing legal, regulatory, and methodological documents related to the rehabilitation of radionuclide-contaminated areas and the subsequent monitoring of their status.


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