Cleaning Up Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Materials International Workshop Proceedings (2009) / Chapter Skim
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9 Comprehensive Resolution of the Problem of Radioactive Waste Management and Rehabilitation of Contaminated Areas in the Moscow Region--S. A. Dmitriev
9 Comprehensive Resolution of the Problem of Radioactive Waste Management and Rehabilitation of Contaminated Areas in the Moscow Region--S. A. Dmitriev
Pages 51-58
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From page 51... ...
MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN RUSSIA Analysis of possible means of achieving the objectives formulated in the document Principles of State Policy on Ensuring Nuclear and Radiation Safety in the Russian Federation through 2010 and Beyond, approved by the President of the Russian Federation, highlights several very significant problems and shortcomings associated with state policy on radioactive waste management, and the development and security of the country demand that they be resolved. The complexity and scope of the tasks associated with radioactive waste management are determined by the following 10 circumstances: 1.
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From page 52... ...
They operate independently of the radioactive waste producers, are directly subordinate to the country's government, and establish requirements for quality and minimization of radioactive wastes. National radioactive waste repositories with capacities up to hundreds of thousands of cubic meters operate under their auspices.
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From page 53... ...
MosNPO Radon is currently a multipurpose, multifunctional complex, and its "radioactive waste storage point" is in fact one of the numerous systematic elements within its structure that comprehensively ensure the radiation security of Moscow and the country's Central Region. A modern scientific research infrastructure has been created, and the enterprise conducts research and experimental design work aimed at improving the safety of radioactive waste management.
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From page 54... ...
The center's main tasks include the following: • Removing radioactive wastes from enterprises in Moscow and Russia's Central Region • Deactivating radiation-contaminated sites and deactivating and decommissioning contaminated facilities • Developing regulatory, methodological, and technical documentation • Transporting radioactive wastes • Conducting searches for radioactive sites, radiation monitoring, and other radiation-related studies • Decontaminating individual protective devices and specialized clothing • Developing new methods for deactivating and dismantling various types of structural elements Since its establishment, the center has carried out the following work: • Deactivated more than 1,000 radiation-contaminated sites • Removed more than 23,000 m3 of radioactive wastes on orders from enterprises in Moscow and Moscow Oblast as well as other facilities in Russia's Central Region • Handled more than 950 emergencies involving radiation accidents • Removed more than 450 ionizing radiation sources • Decommissioned more than 10 contaminated facilities Moscow Polymetals Plant -- Open Joint-Stock Company A radiation and environmental study was carried out at 32 buildings and structures and adjacent grounds and production space at this industrial enterprise in Moscow, which covers about 165,000 m2. The study uncovered more than 400 radiation hot spots at the site, with a total area of 9,150 m 2.
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From page 55... ...
Following completion of the rehabilitation efforts, the individual effective dose from external exposure for plant workers will not exceed 0.3 mSv annually. Carrying out this decontamination work has made it possible to develop a methodology, organizational approaches, and forms of cooperation among various organizations involved in radiation accident response efforts at enterprises in the nuclear complex.
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From page 56... ...
Radioactive materials were involved in the production process in both solid and solute form and were used in dust separation operations. A radioecological study of the laboratory facilities revealed radiation-contaminated areas of more than 200 m2, with a gamma-irradiation exposure dose intensity from 45 to 28,000 μR per hour.
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From page 57... ...
The tests were conducted on real batches of cesium-137–contaminated soil taken from the grounds of the Kurchatov Institute. The following values for the basic technological parameters involved in reagent-based soil decontamination were determined during the tests: the composition and concentration of the sulphuric acid-based reagent solution; the process temperature, 95°C; and the liquid-solid phase coefficient, L:S = (1:1.5)
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From page 58... ...
In preparing for work aimed at rehabilitating sites in the city of Moscow, it must be kept in mind that ignorance of what awaits construction workers carrying out site preparation work, especially at locations formerly used as industrial dump sites, not only could lead to significant expense but also could be a potential source of radioactive contamination for the surrounding area. Moscow currently has about 2,000 facilities in operation that work with ionizing radiation sources and radioactive substances.
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