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Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood Paths Toward Excellence and Equity (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Glossary
Pages 351-358

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From page 351...
... Change plus situations can be formu lated with an equation of the form start quantity + change quantity = result quantity. Change minus situations can be formulated with an equation of the form start quantity − change quantity = result quantity.
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From page 352...
... Included in this category are lead teachers, assistant teachers, aides, and family child care providers. ECE teaching workforce refers to those who carry out both instructional and noninstructional roles in ECE settings.
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From page 353...
... Intentional teaching refers to holding a clear learning target as a goal and adapting teaching to the content and type of learning experience for the individual child, along with the use of formative assessment to de termine the child's development in relation to the goal. Language modeling refers to a practice by adults when they converse with children, ask open-ended questions, repeat or extend children's re sponses, and use a variety of words, including more advanced language and building on words the children already know.
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From page 354...
... This process allows children to create models of situations using mathematical objects or actions and their relationships to solve problems, including the use of increasingly abstract representations. Measurement refers to the process of determining the size of an object with respect to a chosen attribute (such as length, area, or volume)
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From page 355...
... Prompting thought processes refers to a particular feedback strategy for mathematics instruction that asks students to explain their thinking or actions. Providing information refers to clarifying incorrect answers or providing very specific information about the correct answer.
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From page 356...
... Teacher-guided instruction refers to teachers' planning and implement ing experiences in which they provide explicit information, model or demonstrate skills, and use other teaching strategies in which they take the lead. Teacher-initiated learning experiences refer to classroom experiences that are determined by the teacher's goals and direction, but ideally also reflect children's active engagement.
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From page 357...
... Many available virtual manipulatives are paired with structured activities or suggestions to aid implementation in the classroom. Visual/holistic level refers to a level of thinking that occurs when children have formed schemes, or mental "patterns," for these shape catego ries.
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Key Terms

  • geometric shapes
  • education refers
  • instruction refers
  • formative assessment
  • level refers

  • situations refer
  • formal responsibility
  • start quantity
  • form start
  • virtual manipulatives

  • manipulatives refer
  • learning experience
  • morphological marker
  • subitizing refers
  • experiences refer

  • change quantity
  • teacher provides
  • ece settings
  • minus situations
  • intentional teaching

  • positive actions
  • mathematical processes
  • flat shapes
  • develop ideas
  • represent spatial

  • available virtual
  • structional time
  • primary mathematics
  • scaffolding refers
  • noninstructional roles


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