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Appendix B: US Regulations and Guidelines Regarding Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals
Pages 159-166

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From page 159...
... The Animal Welfare Regulations consider painful procedures and methods to alleviate pain in several sections: • §2.31(a)
From page 160...
... . USDA Policies The USDA through APHIS periodically issues and updates policies to clarify the provisions of the Animal Welfare Regulations and provide improved guidance to USDA personnel who inspect the regulated research programs.
From page 161...
... Such alternatives should include some aspect of replacement, reduction, or refinement of animal use to minimize animal pain consistent with research goals. For procedures that may cause pain, the policy states that "any proposed animal activity, or significant changes to an ongoing animal activity, must include: a description of procedures or methods designed to assure that discomfort and pain to animals will be limited to that which is unavoidable in the conduct of scientifically valuable research, and that analgesic, anesthetic, and tranquilizing drugs will be used where indicated and appropriate to minimize discomfort and pain to animals." The policy also requires that proposed animal use include "a written description of the methods and sources used to consider alternatives to procedures that may cause more than momentary or slight pain to animals." Health Research Extension Act The Health Research Extension Act (Public Law 99-158, November 20, 1985, "Animals in Research")
From page 162...
... and it "requires institutions to establish and maintain proper measures to ensure the appropriate care and use of all animals involved in research, training, and biological testing." While the PHS Policy mandates compliance with the AWA and AWA Regulations, it uses a broader definition of an animal: "any live, vertebrate animal used or intended for use in research, training, experimentation, or biological testing." Further, the Policy endorses the US Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training (see below) and requires institutions to base their animal care and use programs on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NRC 1996)
From page 163...
... Surgical or other painful procedures should not be performed on unanesthetized animals paralyzed by chemical agents." • Principle #6: "Animals that would otherwise suffer severe or chronic pain or distress that cannot be relieved should be pain lessly killed at the end of the procedure, or if appropriate, during the procedure." Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals The recommendations and guidelines of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (7th ed.; NRC 1996; the Guide) were drafted by a committee of the National Research Council's Institute for Laboratory Animal Research to promote the humane care and use of laboratory animals.
From page 164...
... AAALAC International does not itself define standards but rather uses the Guide as its primary assessment resource along with other peer-reviewed reference standards. Additionally, when conducting assessments of accredited programs, AAALAC International requires that institutions comply with applicable principles, regulations, standards, policies, and guidelines concerning pain in laboratory animals.
From page 165...
... and methods to relieve animal pain or distress in order to assure humane treatment of animals, while avoiding undue interference with goals of the experiment." The ACLAM Position Statement on Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals The ACLAM Position Statement on Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals details the expectations of the College concerning pain in laboratory animals (ACLAM 2001) : Procedures expected to cause more than slight or momentary pain (e.g., pain in excess of a needle prick or injection)
From page 166...
... 2002. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.


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