Catalysis for Energy Fundamental Science and Long-Term Impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences Catalysis Science Program (2009) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 13-20
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From page 13... ...
The review examines the BES research portfolio in catalysis and identifies whether and how it has advanced fundamental science and discusses how it contributes and is likely to contribute to immediate and long-term national energy goals, such as reducing the nation's dependence on foreign sources of energy. First, however, it is important to understand what catalysis is and why it is important to chemical transformations, global energy issues, and DOE.
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Zeolite catalysts, crystalline microporous materials that are used in a wide variety of industries, from oil refining to production of fine chemicals.4 Zeolites are key catalysts in the petroleum refinery units known as fluid catalytic crackers, which are at the heart of gasoline and diesel production. Zeolites have enabled 1 National Research Council.
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The importance of catalysis related to energy is extensively covered in the 2008 DOE report, Basic Research Needs: Catalysis for Energy,7 and underlies DOE's financial support for research in catalysis, which will be discussed in more detail below.
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The Chemical Energy Program encompassed "organic, inorganic, physical and electrochemistry; thermochemistry and reaction mechanisms and dynamics; coal and hydrocarbon fuel chemistry, heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, chemistry of hydrogen production and storage, biomass conversions."11 Most of the support for catalysis basic research at DOE resides in the Catalysis Science Program, but catalysis-related research is also carried out in other programs in BES. Solar photochemistry, energy biosciences, chemical physics, and materials chemistry programs also fund catalysisrelated projects, although catalysis does not have the highest priority in these programs.
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TABLE 1-1 Estimated U.S. Federal Government Funding for Catalysis Basic Research, FY2005 Estimated % of No.
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The U.S. federal government investment in catalysis basic research ($65 million, of which $45 million is for nonpharmaceutical research)
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In the United States, the main support for catalysis basic research conducted at universities and national laboratories comes from the federal government. As discussed in the benchmarking analyses conducted by the National Research Council, the maintenance of U.S.
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