Biographical Memoirs Volume 90 (2009) / Chapter Skim
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HENRY SHERWOOD LAWRENCE
HENRY SHERWOOD LAWRENCE
Pages 236-255
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From page 237... ...
Utilizing man as his study model he discovered that lymphocytes from sensitive individuals produce an active product, "transfer factor," that played a major role in cellular immunity. He was a highly regarded clinician with a special expertise in infectious diseases, and a dedicated teacher and role model for students, residents, fellows, and young physicians.
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From page 238... ...
Always personally fastidious and a sharp dresser, he had no time to change after work and attended classes in his work clothes. His day job was with the Pennsylvania Railroad at their Sunnyside rail yard in New York as a straw boss, an assistant foreman of a work gang.
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From page 239... ...
Lawrence met his wife, then Dorothea Wetherbee, while she was working in the accounting department of the United China Relief Campaign. One morning her boss said, "Miss Wetherbee, this is Mr.
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From page 240... ...
Following his discharge from the Navy in 1946 he began his residency training as an assistant resident in internal medicine at Bellevue -- without compensation. In 1946 his first child, Dorothea Wetherbee Lawrence, was born, followed soon after by Victor John and Geoffrey Douglas.
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From page 241... ...
then thawing at 37˚C. He found that WBC extracts from sensitive donors successfully transferred DTH to tuberculin, streptococcal M-substance, and diphtheria toxoid to the antigen-negative recipients.
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From page 242... ...
They found that such extracts transferred DTH to the toxoid, but unlike the case in naturally sensitive individuals there was no transfer of either primary or secondary antibody response to the toxoid. Lawrence also showed that DNAse treated WBC from coccidioidin-sensitive donors transferred only DTH to coccidioidin but not the complement-fixing antibody response to coccidioidin.
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From page 243... ...
They observed that the recipients of WBC extracts rejected skin allografts from the immunizing donors in an accelerated fashion. These studies established the existence of TF in transplantation immunity and attracted the attention of the leading scientists in the field, like Jean Dausset and Sir Peter Medawar, who later won a Nobel Prize.
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From page 244... ...
In these studies 4 ml of DNAsetreated, frozen and thawed WBC extracts were dialyzed against an equal volume of distilled water for 18 hours in a cold room and then lyophilized. The lyophilized powder was reconstituted to its original volume with distilled water and passed through a Swinney or Millipore filter prior to it's injection into the negative recipient.
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From page 245... ...
. In subsequent studies we also observed inhibition of migration of peritoneal macrophages from guinea pigs sensitized with multiple skin allografts when mixed with sessile lymphoid cells from the sensitizing donors.
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From page 246... ...
It could also bind to the antigen for which it demonstrated specificity and to antibodies directed at anti-VH regions. In the course of this work it was shown that in addition to a TF which would deliver instant CMI to a specific antigen, there was also a TF (or DLE)
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From page 247... ...
. The ability of TF to confer instant CMI provoked many immunologists to use TF to treat diseases ranging from chronic infectious diseases to congenital immunodeficiency and even malignancies.
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From page 248... ...
A good year for TF, And for you too, Jerry We hope that your birthday Proved to be merry. As a clinician Jerry was highly regarded as an expert in infectious diseases and as a unique role model in bedside manners.
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From page 249... ...
He was also appointed consultant to or chairman of many prestigious scientific councils, including the American Thoracic Society; Health Research Council (City of New York) ; Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, Streptococcal and Staphylococcal Commission; National Institute of Health, Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology Study Section; American Rheumatism Association; and the National Research Council (member, Committee on Cutaneous System and chair of the Committee on Transplantation)
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From page 250... ...
He preferred English tweed, ascots, bow ties, Irish doc caps, shirts with French cuffs, and odd jackets with nipped waists and side vents. His office was decorated with a segment of the Bayeux Tapestry, a gift from his wife, Dorothea, showing the embarkation of William the Conqueror from a point not far from where Jerry's LST had landed on D-Day.
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From page 251... ...
He took his research fellows to exclusive meetings and conferences, such as those of the Streptococcal Commission of the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board and the National Academy of Sciences. To advance their careers he would introduce his fellows to leading scientists during the meetings.
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From page 252... ...
The contributions of Drs. John David, William Borkowsky, and Robert Holzman were invaluable in the preparation of this memoir.
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From page 253... ...
Transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to skin homografts with leukocyte extracts in man.
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From page 254... ...
II. The migration inhibition in homograft reactions in guinea pigs.
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From page 255... ...
Effects of human leukocyte dialysates containing transfer factor in the direct leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) assay.
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