Disaster Risk Management in an Age of Climate Change A Summary of the April 3, 2008 Workshop of the Disasters Roundtable (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Workshop Summary
Workshop Summary
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Burton indicated that like a few others at the workshop, he works in both the climate research and policy community and the hazards research and policy community and that these two communities define key concepts differently, at times resulting in a communication problem. In the language of the climate community, mitigation means controlling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while adaptation means reducing the impacts of climate change.
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Burton stated that this would have the goal of accelerating international cooperation, thereby helping to replace the tendency of each country attempting to deal with disaster loss problems independently. Emerging Climate Change-Related Global Disaster Risk Management Initiatives Henrike Brecht, program specialist at the World Bank's Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)
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Both physical and mental health problems can emerge following disasters. Ugarte indicated that while much more research needs to be done, modeling and other types of analyses, including those carried out by the IPCC, project serious health risks resulting from increased weather and temperature extremes caused by climate change.
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Vulnerabilities and Responses to Climate Change-Related Disaster Risks . The Nation: Public Health Risks of Disasters in the Context of Climate Change George Luber, acting associate director for global change, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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Luber noted that CDC is partnering with such agencies as NOAA and FEMA in developing guidelines to prepare for extreme heat episodes in cities, which include information on the fundamental elements of a heat response plan, which agencies should be involved, and which vulnerable groups to reach out to. New York City: The Hurricane Threat Klaus Jacob, special research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, focused his remarks on climate change as it relates to the New York City metropolitan region.
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The primary hazards identified in the state mitigation plan are earthquakes, wildfires, and floods; secondary hazards are levee failures, landslides and tsunami; and climate-related hazards include avalanches, coastal flooding, erosion, sea level rise, drought, extreme heat, freezes, and severe weather and storms. Since Katrina and the failure of levees in New Orleans, the levee risk in California has become much more salient to decision makers and the public.
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Boswell turned the second part of the presentation over to his colleague, Kenneth Topping, who is a lecturer in the Department of City and Regional Planning, California Polytechnic State University, and was project director at the university for the state of the 2007 State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Whereas Boswell discussed local planning under DMA 2000, Topping discussed the state of California's planning under the program.
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He noted that in 2005, for example, the governor signed executive order S-03-05, which established the following greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets for the state: • By 2010, reduce to 2000 emission levels • By 2020, reduce to 1990 emission levels • By 2050, reduce to 80 percent below 1990 level Also after passage by the state legislature in 2006, the governor signed the California Global Warming Solutions Act, Assembly Bill 32, which provides a comprehensive program to achieve quantifiable, cost-effective greenhouse gas reductions on a scheduled basis, with mandatory caps beginning in 2012 for significant sources. Topping suggested that real progress can be made in the state to combat future hazard and climate risks if local jurisdictions and the state can begin to integrate their planning efforts while reaching out to regional stakeholders as well.
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It was further suggested by a participant that local jurisdictions in California will be giving more attention to climate change issues in the future due to encouragement from state officials. Session III: Urban Design, Insurance, and Floodplain Adaptation to Climate Change-Related Disaster Risks Urban Design and Disaster Risk Management: A Perspective on Smart Growth and New Urbanism in the Context of Climate Change Philip P
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New urbanism development projects are going into high risks locations around the country, including flood prone areas. Berke and a group of colleagues designed a study to determine if such projects performed better with regard to hazard mitigation than the conventional sprawl development.
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It is bringing increased flood risk – more highly variable weather, stronger storms, and sea level rise in many places in the U.S., according to Galloway. And the resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded.
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In the discussion period following the panel presentations, some of the discussion centered around the involvement of the private sector in community hazard planning, the functions of the National Flood Insurance Program, and the responsibilities of various levels of government for hazard reduction. The importance of hazard disclosure to citizens so that they can make informed risk decisions was another topic discussed.
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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86: 1571-1575. Rodríguez, H., E
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