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From page 173... ... 5 Consequences of Gestational Weight Gain for the Mother Women whose weight gain during pregnancy is outside the recommended ranges may experience various adverse maternal outcomes, which may include increased risk for pregnancy-associated hypertension, gestational diabetes (GDM) , complications during labor and delivery, and postpartum weight retention and subsequent maternal obesity as well as an increased risk for unsuccessful breastfeeding. Read the entire page →
From page 174... ... 174 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY (2008) AHRQ evidence-based review on outcomes of gestational weight gain that are related to the mother during pregnancy, at delivery, and postpartum periods. Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 175 i.e., adverse health outcomes to the mother, can arise in the prenatal and/or postpartum periods. Among the well-studied prenatal maternal outcomes that result from excessive GWG are pregnancy-associated hypertension (including preeclampsia and eclampsia) Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... 176 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Gestational Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Although pregnancy is frequently accompanied by a pronounced physiological decrease in peripheral insulin sensitivity (reviewed in Chapter 3) , the combination of decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity and beta-cell dysfunction can lead to the development of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, or GDM. Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 177 Outside the AHRQ review, Catalano et al. Read the entire page →
From page 178... ... 178 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY GWG and hypertensive disorders. Five of these studies (two rated fair and the rest rated poor) Read the entire page →
From page 179... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 179 energy and fatigue (Tulman et al., 1998) , stretch marks (Madlon-Kay, 1993; Atwal et al., 2006) Read the entire page →
From page 180... ... 180 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY differences in the definition of high GWG and a lack of control for confounding factors. Length of Labor Three studies in the AHRQ review (Viswanathan et al., 2008) Read the entire page →
From page 181... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 181 dence among obese and morbidly obese women was rated as weak (Parker and Abrams, 1992; Edwards et al., 1996; Bianco et al., 1998; Thorsdottir et al., 2002; Stotland et al., 2004; Hilakivi-Clarke et al., 2005; DeVader et al., 2007; Kiel et al., 2007) Read the entire page →
From page 182... ... 182 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY 2002; Li et al., 2003; Hilson et al., 2006; Baker et al., 2007) Read the entire page →
From page 183... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 183 In the second, Lederman et al. Read the entire page →
From page 184... ... 184 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY ~12 kg) and who exclusively breastfed for 6 months as currently recommended had no weight retention at 6 months postpartum. Read the entire page →
From page 185... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 185 Postpartum Depression As with depression during pregnancy, there were no data on the relationship of GWG and postpartum depression in the IOM (1990) report. Read the entire page →
From page 186... ... 186 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Other Adverse Health Outcomes Mental Health As previously discussed, the topic of mental health of the mother is not addressed in the AHRQ review (Viswanathan et al., 2008) Read the entire page →
From page 187... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 187 woman's life. It is well established, however, that obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality (i.e., from hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, stroke, and certain cancers) Read the entire page →
From page 188... ... 188 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Research Recommendation 5-1: The committee recommends that the Na tional Institutes of Health and other relevant agencies should provide support to researchers to conduct observational and experimental stud ies on the association between GWG and (a) glucose abnormalities and gestational hypertensive disorders that take into account the temporal ity of the diagnosis of the outcome and (b) Read the entire page →
From page 189... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 189 Baker J Read the entire page →
From page 190... ... 190 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Dodds L., D Read the entire page →
From page 191... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 191 Jain N Read the entire page →
From page 192... ... 192 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Linne Y., L Read the entire page →
From page 193... ... GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN FOR THE MOTHER 193 Rooney B Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... 194 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Viswanathan M., A Read the entire page →

From page 173...

... 5 Consequences of Gestational Weight Gain for the Mother Women whose weight gain during pregnancy is outside the recommended ranges may experience various adverse maternal outcomes, which may include increased risk for pregnancy-associated hypertension, gestational diabetes (GDM) , complications during labor and delivery, and postpartum weight retention and subsequent maternal obesity as well as an increased risk for unsuccessful breastfeeding.