Weight Gain During Pregnancy Reexamining the Guidelines (2009) / Chapter Skim
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appendix A Acronyms and Abbreviations, Glossary, and Supplemental Information ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACTH adrenocorticotrophic hormone ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADRB3 beta 3 adrenergic receptor gene AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia AML acute myeloid leukemia BEE basal daily energy expenditure BIA bioimpedance analysis (also bioelectrical impedance analysis) BMI body mass index BMR basal metabolic rate BRFSS Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System CBG corticosteroid-binding globulin CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CI confidence interval CVD cardiovascular disease DEXA dual energy X-ray absorptiometry DHEAS dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 295
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296 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY ECF extracellular fluid FFA free fatty acid FFM fat-free mass FM fat mass GDM gestational diabetes mellitus GFR glomerular filtration rate GWG gestational weight gain HCG human chorionic gonadotropin HCS human chorionic somatomammotropin HDL high-density lipoprotein HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services HRQL health-related quality of life ICW intracellular water IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein IFPS-II Infant Feeding Practices Survey II IGF-I insulin-like growth factor I IGT impaired glucose tolerance IOM Institute of Medicine IRS-1 insulin receptor substrate 1 IUGR intrauterine growth restriction LBW low birth weight LDL low-density lipoprotein LGA large-for-gestational age LVM left ventricular mass MEPS U.S.
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APPENDIX A 297 PNSS Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System PRAMS Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System PROM premature rupture of membranes PTB preterm birth QALY quality-adjusted life-years SD standard deviation SGA small-for-gestational age SNP single nucleotide polymorphism STBM syncytiotrophoblast microparticles TBK total body potassium TBN total body nitrogen TBW total body water TEE total energy expenditure TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha VLBW very low birth weight VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein VO2 oxygen consumption WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children ± plus or minus GLOSSARY Abruptio placenta Also called ablatio placentae. Premature detachment of the placenta from the wall of the uterus.
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298 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Adipokines Also called adipose cytokines. A variety of proteins released into the systemic circulation by adipose (fat)
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APPENDIX A 299 Anorexia nervosa psychophysiological disorder usually occurring in teenage women A that is characterized by fear of becoming obese, a distorted self-image, a persistent aversion to food, and severe weight loss, and that is often marked by hyperactivity, self-induced vomiting, amenorrhea, and other physiological changes. Antipyrine Also called phenazone.
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300 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY they have a specific disease or other outcome (cases) and are compared to a control (referent comparison)
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APPENDIX A 301 via its nucleotides and their sequence, and is capable of self-replication and RNA synthesis. Determinants Causal (etiologic)
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302 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Fetus The developing organism in the human uterus after the second month of gestation. Food insecurity Whenever the availability of nutritionally adequate and safe food or the ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways is limited or uncertain.
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APPENDIX A 303 Histone Any of several small simple proteins that are most commonly found in association with DNA in chromatin and are rich in the basic amino acids lysine and arginine. Homozygous Two identical alleles, each at the same position on homologous chromosomes.
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304 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Ketone Any of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hyrdrocarbon radicals. Ketonemia Also called hyperketonemia.
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APPENDIX A 305 Observational studies Study types that follow a population (either prospectively or retrospec tively) to examine how exposure to risk factors influences one's prob ability of developing a disease in the absence of intervention; includes cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies.
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306 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY Preconceptional period period from 1 to 3 months prior to gestation through the first 6 A weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia toxic condition developing in late pregnancy characterized by a sud A den rise in blood pressure, generalized edema, proteinuria, severe head ache, and visual disturbances that may result in eclampsia (convulsive or coma state)
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APPENDIX A 307 Resistin cysteine-rich peptide hormone found generally as an oligomer and A produced in adipocytes (fat cells) during their differentiation.
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308 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY systematic inflammatory response of both normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Thyroxine iodine-containing hormone that is produced by the thyroid gland, An increase the rate of cell metabolism, regulates growth, and is made synthetically for treatment of thyroid disorders.
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310 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION ON PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEYS OF PREGNANT WOMEN, INFANTS, AND CHILDREN TABLE A-1 Description and Comparison of Public Health Surveys of Pregnant Women, Infants, and Children Survey Objectives Population/Data Collection Infant Feeding Practices To understand and improve Approximately 4,000 pregnant Survey II (IFPS-II) the health of mothers women from across the nation and children by collecting began their participation in information on infant the Infant Feeding Practices feeding behaviors and Study II (IFPS-II)
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APPENDIX A 311 Data Source Available Data Strengths/Limitations A nationally distributed • Foods fed to infants, Strengths: consumer opinion panel including breast milk and • Large sample size of more than 500,000 infant formula • Prospective design U.S. households • Factors that may • Extensive testing of survey contribute to infant question feeding practices and to • Data collected on infants' breastfeeding success feeding pattern were extremely • Mothers' intrapartum detailed hospital experiences, • Frequency of questionnaires sources of support, and • Coverage of a wide number of postpartum depression issues • Mothers' employment • Maternal dietary data available status and child care on prenatal and month 3 survey arrangements respondents • Infant sleeping Limitations: arrangements • Sample was not representative • Other issues such as food of the U.S.
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312 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY TABLE A-1 Continued Survey Objectives Population/Data Collection Pregnancy Nutrition To collect, analyze, Low-income pregnant Surveillance System (PNSS) interpret, and disseminate women who participate in data to guide public health federally funded public health policy and action programs.
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APPENDIX A 313 Data Source Available Data Strengths/Limitations Special Supplemental • Demographic Indicators Strengths: Nutrition Program for (source of data, race/ • Because it is representative Women, Infants, and ethnicity, woman's of the population served by Children (WIC) age, education, % the public health program Title V Maternal and poverty level, program submitting the surveillance Child Health Program participation and migrant data, it is essential data for (MCH)
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314 WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY REFERENCE Fein S
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