Future of the Nuclear Security Environment in 2015 Proceedings of a Russian-U.S. Workshop (2009) / Chapter Skim
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THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIA AND THE UNITED STATES IN COOPERATION ON PROTECTION, CONTROL, AND ACCOUNTING OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIA AND THE UNITED STATES IN COOPERATION ON PROTECTION, CONTROL, AND ACCOUNTING OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
Pages 29-36
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From page 29... ...
Russia did not have sufficient experience of its own in developing and operating such systems, nor did the state budget, which at that time was burdened with a deficit, have the funds to pay for the development of these costly systems. The United States also wanted to see this problem addressed as swiftly as possible in order to prevent the possibility of the uncontrolled and illicit spread of nuclear materials from Russia, which would have had very negative consequences for the international nuclear weapons non-proliferation regime.
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From page 30... ...
A specific contract for the development of a modern physical protection system for one of the Institute's main buildings, Building 116, was signed with Sandia National Laboratory in October that same year. Building 116 houses the Narciss and Astra experimental installations, and a sizeable amount of direct use nuclear material – 96-percent enriched uranium-235 in manufactured and bulk form – is housed here.
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From page 31... ...
The Kurchatov Institute worked intensively with six U.S. national laboratories on upgrading MPC&A systems: • Sandia National Laboratory – physical protection • Los Alamos National Laboratory – computerized nuclear material control systems and systems for measuring and monitoring nuclear materials • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory – vulnerability assessment • Oak Ridge National Laboratory – nuclear material identification, optical seals and operation support systems • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory – communications, measuring systems, seals • Brookhaven National Laboratory – physical inventory of nuclear materials A series of work on secondary lines of protection was also carried out in cooperation with Argonne National Laboratory.
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From page 32... ...
is kept • the main perimeter of the Kurchatov Institute (passive protection) • two vehicle access gates and one railway access gate to the Institute's territory • four pedestrian access gates to the Institute's territory • the building housing the central security and reaction forces command post • some facilities at the Gas Plant, a separate area on the Institute's territory • a number of other buildings American financial assistance was also used to install special means of transport for transporting nuclear materials and security personnel at the Kurchatov Institute.
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From page 33... ...
464 of August 21, 2001, on Approval and Entry into Force of Reporting Procedures in the Area of State Control and Accounting of Nuclear Materials and the Procedures and Frequency for Providing Reports Between 1994 and 2002, that is, until the Russian regulations came into force, upgrading of nuclear materials control and accounting systems at the Kurchatov Institute was carried out using DOE regulations in the area as a basis, and in close cooperation with the DOE national laboratories. NUCLEAR MATERIALS BALANCE ZONES In 1995-1996, analysis of the main characteristics of all the nuclear materials at the Kurchatov Institute was carried out, as was an analysis of the main design characteristics of the nuclear installations at the Institute.
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From page 34... ...
Modern bar-code based methods for identifying accounting units and the corresponding bar-code equipment have been widely used, as have modern anti-tampering devices in the form of improved seals of various types. COMPUTERIZED CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING SYSTEM Specialists from the Kurchatov Institute, in cooperation with Los Alamos National Laboratory, have developed and installed a universal computerized nuclear materials control and accounting system, KIMACS.
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From page 35... ...
Based on the principle of mutuality, two sites were chosen for the project: one HEU storage facility at Argonne National Laboratory and one HEU storage facility at the Gas Plant at the Kurchatov Institute. The Sandia/Argonne/Kurchatov Institute remote monitoring system was also the first experience in Russia with the practical use of this kind of technology in the control of nuclear materials use.
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From page 36... ...
In 2001, work began at special Russian naval sites and all of the work planned for the sites selected for cooperation has now been completed. The MPC&A upgrading program in the Russian Navy is a successful example of using a cooperative program with the United States involving scientific centers in both countries to achieve fruitful cooperation between such complex organizations as the Russian Defense Ministry and DOE in the areas of protection of nuclear materials, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and nuclear terrorism prevention.
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